{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T23:14:24Z","timestamp":1761952464457,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4804,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1216701384000},"page":"1085-1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improvement of seminal parameters and pregnancy rates after antegrade sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Galfano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Novara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Iafrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"D'Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Artibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ficarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.473","article-title":"Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Naughton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.161","article-title":"Beneficial effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy is superior for men with bilateral versus unilateral repair","volume":"176","author":"Libman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.067","article-title":"Testicular growth, sperm concentration, percent motility, and pregnancy outcome after varicocelectomy based on testicular histology","volume":"83","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh706","article-title":"Induction of spermatogenesis in azoospermic men after internal spermatic vein embolization for the treatment of varicocele","volume":"20","author":"Gat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02849.x","article-title":"Preservation of testicular arteries during subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy: clinical considerations","volume":"25","author":"Grober","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2000.00355.x","article-title":"Sperm ultramorphology as a pathophysiological indicator of spermatogenesis in males suffering from varicocele","volume":"32","author":"Reichart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000052461","article-title":"Effect of subinguinal varicocelectomy on sperm parameters and pregnancy rate: a two-group study","volume":"39","author":"Perimenis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.2002.00501.x","article-title":"Clinical study of varicocele: statistical analysis and the results of long-term follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Onozawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57306-3","article-title":"Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men","volume":"63","author":"Madgar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.8.2147","article-title":"Update on treatment of varicocele: counselling as effective as occlusion of the vena spermatica","volume":"13","author":"Nieschlag","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000479.pub2","article-title":"Surgery of embolisation for varicocele in subfertile men","author":"Evers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.11.023","article-title":"Treatment of varicocele in subfertile men: the Cochrane Review\u2014a contrary opinion","volume":"49","author":"Ficarra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2002.00494.x","article-title":"Does treatment of varicocele improve male fertility?","volume":"34","author":"Krause","year":"2002","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03165.x","article-title":"Microsurgical varicocelectomy for infertile couples with advanced female age: natural history in the era of ART","volume":"25","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5913-9_36","article-title":"Semen analysis after treatment of varicocele by antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy","volume":"424","author":"Johnsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04143","article-title":"Treatment of varicocele: randomized prospective study on open surgery versus Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Zucchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(77)90132-7","article-title":"Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a twelve-year study","volume":"10","author":"Dubin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Urology"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib18"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-4096.2001.02418.x","article-title":"Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicocele: a prospective study","volume":"89","author":"Ficarra","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib20","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Report on varicocele and infertility","volume":"86","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1166-7087(07)92219-8","article-title":"Comite Andrologie de l'Association Fran\u00e7aise d'Urologie. [Varicocele and male infertility: AFU 2006 guidelines]","volume":"17","author":"Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42525-0","article-title":"Surgical repair of varicocele at puberty: preventive treatment for fertility improvement","volume":"139","author":"Okuyama","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34956-X","article-title":"Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicocele: technique and late results","volume":"151","author":"Tauber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib24","first-page":"57","article-title":"Percutaneous, laparoscopic, and surgical treatment of idiopathic varicocele: analysis of costs","volume":"70","author":"Ficarra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.78622.x","article-title":"Financial analysis of antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for men with varicoceles","volume":"77","author":"Johnsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Urol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502820800068X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502820800068X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:29:29Z","timestamp":1758007769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001502820800068X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S001502820800068X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0015-0282"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improvement of seminal parameters and pregnancy rates after antegrade sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}