{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:20:17Z","timestamp":1784168417118,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4955,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T05:56:08Z","timestamp":1226469368000},"page":"S78-S82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Vasectomy reversal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38381-7","article-title":"Results of 1,469 microsurgical vasectomy reversals by the Vasovasostomy Study Group","volume":"145","author":"Belker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.038","article-title":"Effect of female partner age on pregnancy rates after vasectomy reversal","volume":"87","author":"Gerrard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66923-6","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal for the post-vasectomy pain syndrome: a clinical and histological evaluation","volume":"164","author":"Nangia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)00956-6","article-title":"Is physical examination useful in predicting epididymal obstruction?","volume":"57","author":"Kolettis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00027-3","article-title":"Multi-institutional validation of vasectomy reversal predictor","volume":"175","author":"Parekattil","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45442-7","article-title":"Microsurgical vasovasostomy: immunologic consequences and subsequent fertility","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90708-X","article-title":"Association between failure to impregnate after vasovasostomy and sperm agglutinins in semen","volume":"1","author":"Linnet","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90487-9","article-title":"Clinical immunology of vasectomy and vasovasostomy","volume":"22","author":"Linnet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib9","series-title":"Advances in urology","first-page":"193","article-title":"Microsurgical vasectomy reversal","author":"Belker","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53710-8","article-title":"Antisperm antibodies and fertility after vasovasostomy: a follow-up study of 216 men","volume":"54","author":"Meinertz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000282656","article-title":"Vasovasostomy results in 66 patients related to obstructive intervals and serum agglutinin titres","volume":"53","author":"Vrijhof","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136936","article-title":"Circulating antisperm antibodies and fertility prognosis: a prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Eggert-Kruse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90776-4","article-title":"Effect of sperm antibodies on pregnancy outcome in a subfertile population","volume":"158","author":"Witkin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81870-5","article-title":"Fertility options after vasectomy: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"67","author":"Pavlovich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib15","first-page":"443A","article-title":"Vasoepididymostomy (VE) for vasectomy reversal: a critical assessment in the era of ICSI","volume":"155","author":"Kolettis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(88)90412-8","article-title":"Infrapubic incision for specific vasectomy reversal situations","volume":"32","author":"Belker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42916-X","article-title":"Microscopic vasectomy reversal","volume":"28","author":"Silber","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000102322.90257.8b","article-title":"The relationship between intravasal sperm quality and patency rates after vasovasostomy","volume":"171","author":"Sigman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05190","article-title":"Outcomes for vasovasostomy performed when only sperm parts are present in the vasal fluid","volume":"27","author":"Kolettis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00665.x","article-title":"Intravasal azoospermia: a surgical dilemma","volume":"85","author":"Sheynkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02632.x","article-title":"Outcomes for vasovasostomy with bilateral intravasal azoospermia","volume":"24","author":"Kolettis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43880-X","article-title":"Epididymal extravasation following vasectomy as a cause for failure of vasectomy reversal","volume":"31","author":"Silber","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43639-3","article-title":"Microscopic vasoepididymostomy: specific microanastomosis to the epididymal tubule","volume":"30","author":"Silber","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01757-2","article-title":"Vasoepididymostomy","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05727.x","article-title":"Loupe-assisted vs microsurgical technique for modified one-layer vasovasostomy: is the microsurgery really better?","volume":"96","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1975.tb03972.x","article-title":"Vas anastomosis: a return to simplicity","volume":"47","author":"Schmidt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63205-1","article-title":"Triangulation end-to-side vasoepididymostomy","volume":"159","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67907-4","article-title":"Modified vasoepididymostomy with simultaneous double needle placement, tubulotomy and tubular invagination","volume":"163","author":"Marmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000165573.53109.92","article-title":"Outcome and late failures compared in 4 techniques of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy in 153 consecutive men","volume":"174","author":"Schiff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)46987-4","article-title":"Transient fertility after vasovasostomy in 892 patients","volume":"134","author":"Belker","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66697-7","article-title":"Patency following microsurgical vasoepididymostomy and vasovasostomy: temporal considerations","volume":"154","author":"Matthews","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67536-0","article-title":"Delayed appearance of sperm after end-to-side vasoepididymostomy","volume":"153","author":"Jarow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48009-X","article-title":"Sperm antibodies: their role in infertility","volume":"42","author":"Bronson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000098652.35575.85","article-title":"The impact of obstructive interval and sperm granuloma on outcome of vasectomy reversal","volume":"171","author":"Boorjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.046","article-title":"Stereological analysis of the human testis after vasectomy indicates impairment of spermatogenic efficiency with increasing obstructive interval","volume":"81","author":"Raleigh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03219-8","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal performed 15 years or more after vasectomy: correlation of pregnancy outcome with partner age and with pregnancy results of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"77","author":"Fuchs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00023-2","article-title":"Outcomes of vasectomy reversal performed for men with the same female partners","volume":"61","author":"Kolettis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.09.066","article-title":"Superior outcomes of microsurgical vasectomy reversal in men with the same female partners","volume":"81","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00668.x","article-title":"Comparison of modified one- and two-layer microsurgical vasovasostomy","volume":"85","author":"Fischer","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44887-7","article-title":"A 20-year experience with vasovasostomy","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05691.x","article-title":"Prospective analysis of outcomes after microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy","volume":"96","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65060-2","article-title":"Microsurgical reconstruction following failed vasectomy reversal","volume":"157","author":"Matthews","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61616-1","article-title":"Repeat vasectomy reversal after initial failure: overall results and predictors for success","volume":"161","author":"Hernandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2000.00766.x","article-title":"Failed vasectomy reversal: is a further attempt using microsurgery worthwhile?","volume":"86","author":"Fox","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000052666.97595.f6","article-title":"Microsurgical vasovasostomy after failed vasovasostomy","volume":"169","author":"Paick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68182-7","article-title":"Fertility outcome after repeat vasoepididymostomy","volume":"162","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64954-1","article-title":"The feasibility of cryopreservation of sperm harvested intraoperatively during vasectomy reversals","volume":"157","author":"Belker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61924-4","article-title":"The fate of cryopreserved sperm acquired during vasectomy reversals","volume":"161","author":"Glazier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65676-5","article-title":"Need for sperm retrieval and cryopreservation at vasectomy reversal","volume":"166","author":"Schrepferman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.031","article-title":"Sperm harvesting and cryopreservation during vasectomy reversal is not cost effective","volume":"85","author":"Boyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097_bib51","first-page":"364A","article-title":"The success, yield and outcome of microscopic aspiration at the time of vasal reconstruction","volume":"155","author":"Hoekstra","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028208037217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028208037217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:29:18Z","timestamp":1758007758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028208037217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028208037217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vasectomy reversal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}