{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:51:15Z","timestamp":1792637475725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4439,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T04:12:02Z","timestamp":1235707922000},"page":"1938-1941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Andy","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Azziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib1","first-page":"3078","article-title":"Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study","volume":"83","author":"Knochenhauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.11.6148","article-title":"A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: a hormonal and metabolic profile","volume":"84","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib3","first-page":"2434","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain","volume":"85","author":"Asuncion","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031122","article-title":"Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.01.096","article-title":"Phenotypic spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and biochemical characterization of the three major clinical subgroups","volume":"83","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2243","article-title":"Ferriman Gallwey self-scoring. I: performance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Wild","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91779-A","article-title":"Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"167","author":"Carmina","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib8","series-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","first-page":"377","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach","author":"Zawadzki","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02932.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the criteria are insufficiently robust for clinical research","volume":"67","author":"Barth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864","article-title":"Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement","volume":"92","author":"Rosner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90081-2","article-title":"Circulating gonadotropins, estrogens, and androgens in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"121","author":"DeVane","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib14","first-page":"1711","article-title":"A new contributing factor to polycystic ovary syndrome: the genetic variant of luteinizing hormone","volume":"84","author":"Tapanainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2485","article-title":"Analysis of multiple data sets reveals no association between the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat element and polycystic ovary syndrome or related traits","volume":"90","author":"Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8","article-title":"Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management","volume":"140","author":"Hatch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91488-9","article-title":"Chronic hyperinsulinemia and the adrenal response to acute corticotrophin-(1-24) stimulation in hyperandrogenic women","volume":"172","author":"Azziz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-27-7-1012","article-title":"Testosterone-binding levels in the serum of women during the normal menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the post-partum period","volume":"27","author":"Pearlman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","article-title":"Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450619","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the performance of basal serum hormone profiles for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in epidemiological studies","volume":"145","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1159\/000010170","article-title":"The predictive power of endocrine tests for the diagnosis of polycystic ovaries in women with oligoamenorrhea","volume":"48","author":"Turhan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58146-1","article-title":"Optimal use of hormone determinations in the biochemical diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Koskinen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03053.x","article-title":"Biological variation of total testosterone, free androgen index and bioavailable testosterone in polycystic ovarian syndrome: implications for identifying hyperandrogenaemia","volume":"68","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028208048176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028208048176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:41:34Z","timestamp":1758008494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028208048176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028208048176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}