{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:28:42Z","timestamp":1790666922378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4835,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004342","name":"Wyeth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T04:21:22Z","timestamp":1236226882000},"page":"659-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Kurt T.","family":"Barnhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh058","article-title":"Is previous use of hormonal contraception associated with a detrimental effect on subsequent fecundity?","volume":"19","author":"Hassan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.06.033","article-title":"Use of various contraceptive methods and time of conception in a community-based population","volume":"123","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.4065\/72.12.1161","article-title":"Evaluation and management of amenorrhea","volume":"72","author":"McIver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1966.03100090114032","article-title":"Irregular menses, amenorrhea, and infertility following synthetic progestational agents","volume":"195","author":"Whitelaw","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92197-0","article-title":"Amenorrhea after treatment with oral contraceptives","volume":"2","author":"Shearman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-196803000-00015","article-title":"The oversuppression syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Horowitz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib7","first-page":"161","article-title":"Amenorrhea following oral contraceptives","volume":"34","author":"Halbert","year":"1969","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(70)90360-1","article-title":"The oversuppression syndrome","volume":"106","author":"MacLeod","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198109000-00019","article-title":"The fallacy of the postpill amenorrhea syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Archer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib10","series-title":"Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility","author":"Speroff","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)44230-5","article-title":"Prolonged amenorrhea and oral contraceptives","volume":"32","author":"Tolis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib12","first-page":"37","article-title":"Post \u201cpill\u201d amenorrhoea","volume":"19","author":"Buttram","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2004.08.005","article-title":"Evidence about extending the duration of oral contraceptive use to suppress menstruation","volume":"14","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib14","unstructured":"Institut national d'\u00e9tudes d\u00e9mographiques. Teaching kit: waiting time to conception. Available at: http:\/\/www.ined.fr\/fichier\/t_telechargement\/5587\/telechargement_fichier_en_conceptionpdf.pdf. Accessed November 6, 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib15","series-title":"Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology","first-page":"649","article-title":"Infertility and assisted reproduction","author":"Hammond","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6108.265","article-title":"Fertility after stopping different methods of contraception","volume":"1","author":"Vessey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320300033018","article-title":"Delay in conception for former 'pill\u2019 users","volume":"247","author":"Linn","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib18","first-page":"73","article-title":"Conception-waits in fertile women after stopping oral contraceptives","volume":"29","author":"Harlap","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009261","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and ovulatory causes of delayed fertility","volume":"146","author":"Chasan-Taber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53808-4","article-title":"Fertility after contraception or abortion","volume":"54","author":"Huggins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib21","first-page":"304","article-title":"Return of fertility in nulliparous women after discontinuation of the intrauterine device: comparison with women discontinuing other methods of contraception","volume":"108","author":"Doll","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53210-5","article-title":"Conception delay after oral contraceptive use: the effect of estrogen dose","volume":"53","author":"Bracken","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib23","first-page":"348","article-title":"The return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraception in Malaysian women","volume":"49","author":"Hassan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2754","article-title":"Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception","volume":"17","author":"Farrow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.11.052","article-title":"Fertility after discontinuation of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dienogest","volume":"85","author":"Wiegratz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92765-8","article-title":"Return of fertility after discontinuation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and intra-uterine devices in Northern Thailand","volume":"1","author":"Pardthaisong","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90015-1","article-title":"Pregnancy after removal of Norplant implants contraceptive","volume":"36","author":"Affandi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(92)90122-A","article-title":"Return to fertility after removal of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Nova-T","volume":"46","author":"Andersson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(82)90080-4","article-title":"Return of fertility after the removal of Nova T or copper T 200","volume":"26","author":"Pyorala","year":"1982","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01890702","article-title":"Return of fertility after use of IUDs (Nova-T, MLCu250 and MLCu375)","volume":"3","author":"Skjeldestad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv Contracept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01849510","article-title":"Return to fertility after discontinuation of copper IUD use: a study of 55 pregnancies involving Multiload Cu-250 users among private patients in Indonesia","volume":"4","author":"Soeprono","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Contracept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib32","first-page":"123","article-title":"Return of fertility in various types of IUD users","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib33","first-page":"169","article-title":"Return of fertility after an IUD removal for planned pregnancy: a six year prospective study","volume":"73","author":"Tadesse","year":"1996","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/ejc.7.1.24.30","article-title":"Return to fertility in nulliparous and parous women after removal of the GyneFix intrauterine contraceptive system","volume":"7","author":"Delbarge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib35","first-page":"162","article-title":"Avoiding menstruation: a review of health and lifestyle issues","volume":"49","author":"Henzl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00182-7","article-title":"Menstruation: choosing whether\u2026and when","volume":"62","author":"Kaunitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004695.pub2","article-title":"Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined oral contraceptives for contraception","volume":"3","author":"Edelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib38","first-page":"771","article-title":"Menstrual reduction with extended use of combination oral contraceptive pills: randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6085.487","article-title":"Acceptability of an oral contraceptive that reduces the frequency of menstruation: the tri-cycle pill regimen","volume":"2","author":"Loudon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2003.09.004","article-title":"Attitude of German women and gynecologists towards long-cycle treatment with oral contraceptives","volume":"69","author":"Wiegratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464210-00006","article-title":"Long-cycle treatment with oral contraceptives","volume":"64","author":"Wiegratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.06.008","article-title":"Women's and providers' attitudes toward menstrual suppression with extended use of oral contraceptives","volume":"70","author":"Andrist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib43","article-title":"Return of fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive","volume":"86","author":"Barnhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.07.005","article-title":"Evaluation of a continuous regimen of levonorgestrel\/ethinyl estradiol: phase 3 study results","volume":"74","author":"Archer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.012","article-title":"Occurrence of menses or pregnancy after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive","volume":"89","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib46","article-title":"Effect on ovarian activity of a continuous-use regimen of oral levonorgestrel\/ethinyl estradiol","volume":"84","author":"Archer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.01.033","article-title":"Rapid resumption of ovulation and menstruation following continuous use of the combination oral contraceptive","volume":"83","author":"Craig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib48","first-page":"139","article-title":"Menstrual changes during Norplant use and return of fertility following Norplant implant removal: the Singapore experience","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv Contracept Deliv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg366","article-title":"Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study and impact on the management of infertility","volume":"18","author":"Gnoth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028209000491?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028209000491?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T13:27:23Z","timestamp":1777296443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028209000491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028209000491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}