{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:53:35Z","timestamp":1788000815874,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4348,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]],"date-time":"2009-04-27T06:48:14Z","timestamp":1240814894000},"page":"673-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Smoking is associated with increased free testosterone and fasting insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in aggravated insulin resistance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Cupisti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"H\u00e4berle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia G.","family":"Oppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Reissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Kronawitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","article-title":"Androgen Excess Society. Position statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib2","first-page":"29","article-title":"State-specific smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost\u2014United States, 2000\u20132004","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0802902","article-title":"Mortality attributable to smoking in China","volume":"360","author":"Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00612-4","article-title":"The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Norman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.041","article-title":"Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib7","series-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","first-page":"377","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach","author":"Zawadzki","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.007","article-title":"Hirsutism and acne in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Archer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.064","article-title":"The prevalence of androgen excess among patients with minimal unwanted hair growth","volume":"191","author":"Souter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864","article-title":"Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement","volume":"92","author":"Rosner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079","article-title":"A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum","volume":"84","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib12","first-page":"35","article-title":"Endocrinological markers for assessment of hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women","volume":"67","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924062","article-title":"Is it necessary to measure free testosterone to assess hyperandrogenemia in women? The role of calculated free and bioavailable testosterone","volume":"114","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib14","first-page":"540","article-title":"Endocrinological markers for assessing hyperandrogenemia in women classified as having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the revised 2003 diagnostic criteria","volume":"11","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib15","first-page":"403","article-title":"The role of albumin in the calculation of free and bioavailable testosterone in women with hyperandrogenemia","volume":"20","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2808","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenemia in female-to-male transsexuals","volume":"93","author":"Mueller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61345-2","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Norman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.7.6661","article-title":"Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"85","author":"Katz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924233","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices: a proposal of cut-off points for simple identification of insulin-resistant subjects","volume":"114","author":"Radikova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973059","article-title":"Evaluation of biochemical hyperandrogenemia and body mass index in women presenting with amenorrhea","volume":"115","author":"Cupisti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.12.3320","article-title":"Diagnosing insulin resistance by simple quantitative methods in subjects with normal glucose metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Ascaso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.1.144","article-title":"Detection of insulin resistance by simple quantitative insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI for epidemiological assessment and prevention","volume":"87","author":"Hreb\u00edcek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0515","article-title":"Body mass index and ovarian function are associated with endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome","volume":"158","author":"Cupisti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970163","article-title":"Influence of body mass index on calculated androgen parameters in adult women with hirsutism and PCOS","volume":"115","author":"Cupisti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0203","article-title":"Low sex hormone-binding globulin as a predictive marker for insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Kajaia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45254-4","article-title":"Plasma androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin in the evaluation of hirsute females","volume":"35","author":"Mathur","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.052928","article-title":"Effects of intravenous cocaine and cigarette smoking on luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin in men","volume":"307","author":"Mendelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530500298154","article-title":"Relationship between testosterone serum levels and lifestyle in aging men","volume":"8","author":"Ponholzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0041","article-title":"Nicotine inhibits pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in human males but not in human females, and tolerance to this nicotine effect is lost within one week of quitting smoking","volume":"90","author":"Funabashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/146222031000094196","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine increases testosterone levels in the fetus and female offspring","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0361","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure alters early pancreatic islet and adipose tissue development with consequences on the control of body weight and glucose metabolism later in life","volume":"149","author":"Somm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01677060802572887","article-title":"Nicotine dependence pharmacogenetics: role of genetic variation in nicotine-metabolizing enzymes","volume":"23","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.06.009","article-title":"Biological factors and the determination of androgens in female subjects","volume":"73","author":"Enea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.801","article-title":"Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance","volume":"87","author":"Chiolero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei070","article-title":"Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046","article-title":"Smoking and smoking cessation\u2014the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review","volume":"201","author":"Chelland Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028209006323?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028209006323?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1758008711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028209006323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028209006323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Smoking is associated with increased free testosterone and fasting insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in aggravated insulin resistance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}