{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:58:41Z","timestamp":1790459921959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2917,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000801","name":"Bayer HealthCare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]],"date-time":"2014-04-13T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1397422113000},"page":"1656-1662.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems and effects on ovulation rate and cervical function: pooled analyses of phase II and III studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00185380","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00528112","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Apter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Gemzell-Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib1","unstructured":"Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Mirena prescribing information. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/labeling.bayerhealthcare.com\/html\/products\/pi\/Mirena_PI.pdf. Accessed March 25,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47540-0","article-title":"Ovarian function in amenorrheic and menstruating users of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device","volume":"41","author":"Nilsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib3","unstructured":"Scholten PC. Thesis. The Levonorgestrel IUD: clinical performance and impact on menstruation. Utrecht: University Hospital,\u00a01989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90035-T","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device","volume":"41","author":"Xiao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib5","unstructured":"Population Council. Jadelle (levonorgestrel implant) prescribing information. 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2002\/20544se2-003_jadelle_lbl.pdf. Accessed February 8,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib6","unstructured":"Bayer. Norgeston summary of product characteristics. 2012. Available at: http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/1834. Accessed April 18,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib7","unstructured":"Berlex Laboratories. Levlite physician label. 2001. Available at: http:\/\/www.berlex.com\/html\/products\/pi\/levlite_pi.pdf. Accessed April 18,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(94)90109-0","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial","volume":"49","author":"Andersson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.12.003","article-title":"A randomized, phase II study describing the efficacy, bleeding profile, and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive systems and Mirena","volume":"97","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000019","article-title":"Two low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib11","unstructured":"Bayer Group. Mirena product information. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/labeling.bayerhealthcare.com\/html\/products\/pi\/Mirena_PI.pdf. Accessed October 18,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90178-0","article-title":"Single luteal phase serum progesterone assay as an indicator of ovulation","volume":"112","author":"Israel","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42554-9","article-title":"Comparison of serum progesterone and endometrial biopsy for confirmation of ovulation and evaluation of luteal function","volume":"28","author":"Shepard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1879-3479.1972.tb00857.x","article-title":"The cervical score. A simple semiquantitative method for monitoring of the menstrual cycle","volume":"10","author":"Insler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib15","unstructured":"Bayer Pharma AG. Mirena product monograph. Berlin, Germany: Bayer Pharma AG, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/ejc.7.2.79.90","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic study with a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinylestradiol plus 100 microg levonorgestrel","volume":"7","author":"Endrikat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199528030-00003","article-title":"Levonorgestrel. Clinical pharmacokinetics","volume":"28","author":"Fotherby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq043","article-title":"Prospective study of the forearm bone mineral density of long-term users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system","volume":"25","author":"Bahamondes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90092-A","article-title":"Ovarian function during use of a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD","volume":"42","author":"Barbosa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90135-3","article-title":"Effects of various IUDs on the composition of cervical mucus","volume":"43","author":"Jonsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.06.006","article-title":"Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on cervical mucus quality and sperm penetrability","volume":"82","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.5.1210","article-title":"Progestin receptor isoforms and prostaglandin dehydrogenase in the endometrium of women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system","volume":"13","author":"Critchley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.4.970","article-title":"The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device on human endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors after one year of use","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198609000-00005","article-title":"Endometrial morphology during long-term use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices","volume":"5","author":"Silverberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028214002106?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028214002106?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:13:04Z","timestamp":1762150384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028214002106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028214002106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacokinetics of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems and effects on ovulation rate and cervical function: pooled analyses of phase II and III studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}