{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:11:23Z","timestamp":1791882683996,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","fertstert.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T07:05:33Z","timestamp":1450335933000},"page":"645-655.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Effectiveness of semen washing to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and assist pregnancy in HIV-discordant couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Zafer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hacsi","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okeoma","family":"Mmeje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"van der Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto E.","family":"Semprini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1789-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). Fact sheet: 2014 statistics. Available at: www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/campaigns\/HowAIDSchangedeverything\/factsheet. Accessed August 18,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib2","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO). AIDS epidemic update (December 2009). Available at: http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/Report\/2009\/JC1700_Epi_Update_2009_en.pdf. Accessed August 18,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib3","first-page":"454","article-title":"Effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections","volume":"82","author":"Holmes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2307\/2673717","article-title":"Fertility desires and intentions of HIV-positive men and women","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam Plann Perspect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000255090.51921.60","article-title":"Fertility intentions of women of reproductive age living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"21","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00884.x","article-title":"Pregnancy and HIV transmission among HIV-discordant couples in a clinical trial in Kisumu, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Brubaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-10-13","article-title":"\u201cI will not let my HIV status stand in the way.\u201d Decisions on motherhood among women on ART in a slum in Kenya\u2014a qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Awiti Ujiji","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.009","article-title":"Safe conception for HIV-discordant couples: insemination with processed semen from the HIV-infected partner","volume":"208","author":"Semprini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92495-2","article-title":"Insemination of HIV-negative women with processed semen of HIV-positive partners","volume":"340","author":"Semprini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.127","article-title":"Systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of assisted reproduction techniques in couples serodiscordant for human immunodeficiency virus where the man is positive","volume":"95","author":"Vitorino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib11","first-page":"Cd008498","article-title":"Sperm washing to prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected men but allowing conception in sero-discordant couples","author":"Eke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms046","article-title":"Reproductive assistance in HIV serodiscordant couples","volume":"19","author":"Savasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.001","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intrauterine insemination and assisted reproductive technology in populations serodiscordant for human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib16","series-title":"Role of single group studies in agency for healthcare research and quality comparative effectiveness reviews","article-title":"AHRQ methods for effective health care","author":"Ip","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286","article-title":"Interval estimation for a binomial proportion","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Statist Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162033352110","article-title":"Measuring the infectiousness of persons with HIV-1: opportunities for preventing sexual HIV-1 transmission","volume":"1","author":"Baeten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310601","article-title":"A longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by heterosexual partners","volume":"331","author":"de Vincenzi","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1348\/000711007X255327","article-title":"Fixed- versus random-effects models in meta-analysis: model properties and an empirical comparison of differences in results","volume":"62","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh028","article-title":"What is the most relevant standard of success in assisted reproduction? The singleton, term gestation, live birth rate per cycle initiated: the BESST endpoint for assisted reproduction","volume":"19","author":"Min","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib22","unstructured":"Reeves BC, Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Wells GA. Chapter 13: Including nonrandomized studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). London: Cochrane Collaboration. 2011. Available at: www.cochrane-handbook.org. Last accessed December 30, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence\u2014study limitations (risk of bias)","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00102-2","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1\u2013serodiscordant couples can bear healthy children after undergoing intrauterine insemination","volume":"70","author":"Marina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3247","article-title":"Pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection from an HIV-1-seropositive man","volume":"13","author":"Marina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib26","first-page":"356","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technologies and HIV-1 serodiscordant couple","volume":"4","author":"Veiga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01672-1","article-title":"Birth of two infants who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) after intracytoplasmic injection of sperm from HIV-1\u2013seropositive men","volume":"75","author":"Loutradis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib28","first-page":"259","article-title":"Reproductive assistance to HIV-discordant couples\u2014the German approach","volume":"6","author":"Weigel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib29","first-page":"146","article-title":"HIV y reproducci on asistida. Reproduccion asistida en parejas serodiscordantes (hombre seropositivo) al VIH-1: experiencia de 118 ninos nacidos sanos","volume":"3","author":"Marina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ginecol Obstet Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03684-1","article-title":"Intrauterine insemination (IUI), in\u00a0vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serodiscordant couples: results and perspectives [abstract P1]","volume":"78","author":"Quintana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42694","article-title":"Obstetric outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus-1-serodiscordant couples following in\u00a0vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"20","author":"Cleary-Goldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg258","article-title":"Assisted reproduction techniques for HIV serodiscordant couples: 18 months of experience","volume":"18","author":"Ohl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00662-9","article-title":"Assessing the clinical utility of in\u00a0vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serodiscordant couples: report of 113 consecutive cycles","volume":"80","author":"Pena","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-002-0458-5","article-title":"Preliminary experience offering oocyte donation to human immunodeficiency virus-1 serodiscordant couples","volume":"268","author":"Pena","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.02.128","article-title":"Insemination with isolated and virologically tested spermatozoa is a safe way for human immunodeficiency type 1 virus\u2013serodiscordant couples with an infected male partner to have a child","volume":"82","author":"Bujan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh460","article-title":"Report of the results of a 2 year programme of sperm wash and ICSI treatment for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus serodiscordant couples","volume":"19","author":"Garrido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60814-0","article-title":"Assessing the treatment efficacy of IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) serodiscordant couples","volume":"10","author":"Chu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib38","first-page":"7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of assisted reproduction techniques in HIV-discordant couples","volume":"4","author":"Kowalska","year":"2005","journal-title":"HIV AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib39","first-page":"319","volume":"144","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei031","article-title":"ICSI for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus\u2013serodiscordant couples with infected male partner","volume":"20","author":"Mencaglia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib41","first-page":"423","article-title":"Intra uterine insemination with processed sperm for HIV serodiscordant couples in whom the man is HIV positive","volume":"149","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib42","first-page":"S116","article-title":"ICSI for HIV serodiscordant couples: our results with tested negative cryopreserved sperm samples [abstract P98]","volume":"86","author":"Chelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0164-9","article-title":"Assessing the reproductive performance of men co-infected with HIV-1 and hepatitis C undergoing assisted reproduction","volume":"274","author":"Chu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000222067.07255.2d","article-title":"Complete removal of HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA from semen by the swim-up method: assisted reproduction technique using spermatozoa free from HIV-1","volume":"20","author":"Kato","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del277","article-title":"ART outcome in HIV-infected patients","volume":"21","author":"Manigart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282703879","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of sperm washing in HIV-1\u2013serodiscordant couples where the male is infected: results from the European CREAThE network","volume":"21","author":"Bujan","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.04.011","article-title":"Good efficiency of intrauterine insemination programme for serodiscordant couples with HIV-1 infected male partner: a retrospective comparative study","volume":"135","author":"Bujan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem175","article-title":"Azoospermic HIV-1 infected patients wishing to have children: proposed strategy to reduce HIV-1 transmission risk during sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: case report","volume":"22","author":"Bujan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del422","article-title":"Safety of sperm washing and ART outcome in 741 HIV-1\u2013serodiscordant couples","volume":"22","author":"Savasi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib50","first-page":"171","article-title":"Safe gametes acquisition through association of seminal processing techniques with HIV serodiscordant couples","volume":"30","author":"Queiroz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib51","series-title":"Sperm wash in HIV serodiscordant couples at the Anonymous Clinic, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","author":"Pankam","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.159","article-title":"First report of the absence of viral load in testicular sperm samples obtained from men with hepatitis C and HIV after washing and their subsequent use","volume":"92","author":"Garrido","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.173","article-title":"Studies of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for HIV-1\u2013discordant couples using washed sperm and the nested PCR method: a comparison of the pregnancy rates in HIV-1-discordant couples and control couples","volume":"62","author":"Kashima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.013","article-title":"Providing fertility care to men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus: reviewing 10 years of experience and 420 consecutive cycles of in\u00a0vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"91","author":"Sauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2010.495763","article-title":"A decade of the sperm-washing programme: where are we now?","volume":"13","author":"Nicopoullos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10156","article-title":"Outcomes from the first assisted reproduction program for HIV-serodiscordant couples in Australia","volume":"195","author":"Giles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(11)70213-6","article-title":"Use of assisted reproductive technology to separate sperm from human immunodeficiency virus infected men resulting in pregnancy among serodiscordant couples","volume":"15","author":"Schuffner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(11)60075-2","article-title":"Outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques for HIV-1\u2013discordant couples using thawed washed sperm in Taiwan: comparison with control and testicular sperm extraction\/microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration groups","volume":"110","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.015","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with microsurgically retrieved spermatozoa in azoospermic men infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 or hepatitis C virus: the EP43 AZONECO ANRS study","volume":"99","author":"Leruez-Ville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib60","first-page":"216","article-title":"Fertility treatment options for discordant couples living with HIV","volume":"152","author":"Olshtain-Pops","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib61","first-page":"291","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and obstetric outcome in couples when the male partner has a chronic viral disease","volume":"7","author":"Molina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.29.6.315","article-title":"Use of assisted reproductive technology to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV in discordant couples wishing to have their own children where the male partner is seropositive with an undetectable viral load","volume":"29","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib63","series-title":"2012 assisted reproductive technology national summary report","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.6.679","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-saharan africa and north america: a meta-analysis","volume":"296","author":"Mills","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88922","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088922","article-title":"Timing of intermittent seminal HIV-1 RNA shedding in patients with undetectable plasma viral load under combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ferraretto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283303e04","article-title":"Persistent HIV RNA shedding in semen despite effective antiretroviral therapy","volume":"23","author":"Sheth","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i2.142","article-title":"Cost and safety of assisted reproductive technologies for human immunodeficiency virus-1 discordant couples","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der323","article-title":"Affordable AR: a different perspective","volume":"26","author":"Aleyamma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.10.017","article-title":"Modified natural cycle IVF and mild IVF: a 10 year Swedish experience","volume":"20","author":"Aanesen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib70","first-page":"91","article-title":"ART in South Africa: the price to pay","volume":"5","author":"Huyser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Facts Views Vis Obgyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5489","article-title":"Comparison of error rates in single-arm versus randomized phase II cancer clinical trials","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.001529","article-title":"Decreased semen volume and spermatozoa motility in HIV-1\u2013infected patients under antiretroviral treatment","volume":"28","author":"Bujan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000161","article-title":"Semen quality in HIV patients under stable antiretroviral therapy is impaired compared to WHO 2010 reference values and on sperm proteome level","volume":"28","author":"Pilatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028215021123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028215021123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T05:35:42Z","timestamp":1692164142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028215021123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028215021123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of semen washing to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and assist pregnancy in HIV-discordant couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}