{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:45:08Z","timestamp":1791845108769,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1729,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","fertstert.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T14:00:11Z","timestamp":1504188011000},"page":"426-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Role of metformin for ovulation induction in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a guideline"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Penzias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Bendikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Butts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Coutifaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Fossum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisa","family":"Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"La Barbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mersereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Odem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Pisarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rebar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reindollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Sandlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)30642-6","article-title":"Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries","volume":"29","author":"Stein","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)35047-6","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical features of polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"14","author":"Goldzieher","year":"1963","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-30-4-435","article-title":"Inappropriate secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"30","author":"Yen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90081-2","article-title":"Circulating gonadotropins, estrogens, and androgens in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"121","author":"DeVane","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-1-113","article-title":"Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"50","author":"Burghen","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-2-356","article-title":"Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"57","author":"Chang","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib7","first-page":"193","article-title":"Insulin resistance: the clinical spectrum","volume":"6","author":"Mantzoros","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112886","article-title":"Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp","volume":"79","author":"Bergman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib9","series-title":"Androgen excess disorders in women","first-page":"227","article-title":"Insulin resistance: classification, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis","author":"Vidal-Puig","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191","article-title":"Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.12.1512","article-title":"Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach","volume":"38","author":"Bergman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1988.tb00996.x","article-title":"Metformin revisited: its actions and indications for use","volume":"5","author":"Bailey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90209-7","article-title":"Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Velazquez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806253382603","article-title":"Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Nestler","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib16","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Evidence-based Methodology Workshop on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. December 3\u20135, 2012, Bethesda, MD. Executive Summary. Available at: https:\/\/prevention.nih.gov\/docs\/programs\/pcos\/FinalReport.pdf. Accessed July 19, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.041","article-title":"Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.02.127","article-title":"Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity","volume":"82","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.030","article-title":"Does metformin induce ovulation in normoandrogenic anovulatory women?","volume":"191","author":"Carmina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8261","article-title":"Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Fleming","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq100","article-title":"PCOSMIC: a multi-centre randomized trial in women with PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome evaluating Metformin for Infertility with Clomiphene","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00966.x","article-title":"The effect of metformin on fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome\u2013a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Lord","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.05.010","article-title":"Predictive value of glucose-insulin ratio in PCOS and profile of women who will benefit from metformin therapy: obese, lean, hyper or normoinsulinemic?","volume":"123","author":"Onalan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.09.036","article-title":"The effects of metformin on insulin resistance, clomiphene-induced ovulation and pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Sahin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1625","article-title":"Effects of metformin on ovulation rate, hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovaries: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Ng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.078","article-title":"An assessment of lifestyle modification versus medical treatment with clomiphene citrate, metformin, and clomiphene citrate-metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Karimzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei311","article-title":"Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib28","first-page":"Cd003053","article-title":"Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063971","article-title":"Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"356","author":"Legro","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.069","article-title":"Comparison of clomiphene citrate, metformin, or the combination of both for first-line ovulation induction and achievement of pregnancy in 154 women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Neveu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0110","article-title":"Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Palomba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.002","article-title":"Comparison of clomiphene citrate, metformin, or the combination of both for first-line ovulation induction, achievement of pregnancy, and live birth in Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Zain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000335253","article-title":"Is metformin indicated as primary ovulation induction agent in women with PCOS? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Siebert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313517","article-title":"NICHD Reproductive Medicine Network. Letrozole versus clomiphene for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"371","author":"Legro","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib35","first-page":"199","article-title":"Efficacy of combined metformin-clomiphene citrate in comparison with clomiphene citrate alone in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"6","author":"Ayaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib36","first-page":"43","article-title":"Metformin effects on clomifene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Ben Ayed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.51337","article-title":"The efficacy of metformin and clomiphene citrate combination compared with clomiphene citrate alone for ovulation induction in infertile patients with PCOS","volume":"2","author":"Dasari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.042","article-title":"Two weeks of metformin improves clomiphene citrate-induced ovulation and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Khorram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38867.631551.55","article-title":"Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Moll","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib40","first-page":"142","article-title":"Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome with and without insulin resistance and the role of insulin sensitizing drug (metformin) in its management","volume":"10","author":"Refaie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mid East Feril Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-009-9304-z","article-title":"Evaluating the equivalence of clomiphene citrate with and without metformin in ovulation induction in PCOS patients","volume":"26","author":"Siebert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01507.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of different doses of metformin for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Weerakiet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04554-5","article-title":"A systematic review of the reproductive system effects of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Costello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816a4ed4","article-title":"Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Creanga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm026","article-title":"The role of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Moll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03369.x","article-title":"Clomiphene citrate, metformin or both as first-step approach in treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review of head-to-head randomized controlled studies and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Palomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2756-5","article-title":"Effect of metformin on ovulation and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"288","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib48","first-page":"50","article-title":"Presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome and its management with clomiphene alone and in combination with metformin","volume":"17","author":"Raja","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den182","article-title":"Does adding metformin to clomifene citrate lead to higher pregnancy rates in a subset of women with polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"23","author":"Moll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.01.006","article-title":"Estimating live birth rates after ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome: sample size calculations for the pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome trial","volume":"26","author":"Myers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.002","article-title":"The effects of metformin with lifestyle therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind study","volume":"95","author":"Ladson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3061","article-title":"Metformin improves pregnancy and live-birth rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"97","author":"Morin-Papunen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.04.004","article-title":"Ultra-short metformin pretreatment for clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Hwu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.022","article-title":"Short-term metformin treatment for clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Kazerooni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib55","first-page":"663","article-title":"The effect of metformin plus clomiphene citrate on ovulation and pregnancy rates in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Malkawi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01675-7","article-title":"Metformin increases the ovulatory rate and pregnancy rate from clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are resistant to clomiphene citrate alone","volume":"75","author":"Vandermolen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02941-7","article-title":"Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Kocak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60423-5","article-title":"Induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the difference between responders and nonresponders","volume":"51","author":"Polson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01575.x","article-title":"Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice","volume":"53","author":"Sturrock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01383.x","article-title":"Combined metformin and clomiphene citrate versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Abu Hashim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.08.033","article-title":"Metformin versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene- and insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Hamed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0689","article-title":"Metformin administration versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Palomba","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02392.x","article-title":"Metformin administration and laparoscopic ovarian drilling improve ovarian response to clomiphene citrate (CC) in oligo-anovulatory CC-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Palomba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.11.042","article-title":"Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy vs clomiphene citrate plus metformin as second-line strategy for infertile anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"202","author":"Palomba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12673","article-title":"Combined metformin-clomiphene in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"94","author":"Abu Hashim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.07.985","article-title":"Letrozole versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Abu Hashim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.488771","article-title":"Combined metformin and clomiphene citrate versus highly purified FSH for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant PCOS women: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Abu Hashim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg105","article-title":"Sequential treatment of metformin and clomiphene citrate in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.02072.x","article-title":"Pretreatment and co-administration of oral anti-diabetic agent with clomiphene citrate or rFSH for ovulation induction in clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Begum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib70","first-page":"CD009090","article-title":"Metformin during ovulation induction with gonadotrophins followed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination for subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Bordewijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2013.06.020","article-title":"Effect of metformin on early pregnancy loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Al-Biate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1497-y","article-title":"Comparison of metformin and clomiphene citrate therapy for induction of ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"282","author":"Baran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610310000100123","article-title":"Medical vs. surgical treatment for clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Malkawi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.011","article-title":"Efficacy predictors for metformin and clomiphene citrate treatment in anovulatory infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Palomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1009","article-title":"Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Palomba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms036","article-title":"Metformin versus clomiphene citrate for infertility in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Misso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.705368","article-title":"The effectiveness of metformin ovulation induction treatment in patients with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1312","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of rosiglitazone and clomiphene citrate versus metformin and clomiphene citrate in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Rouzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib79","first-page":"643","article-title":"Does metformin augment the ovulation inducing effects of clomiphene in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"106","author":"Chaudhury","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.08.018","article-title":"Obesity and reproduction: a committee opinion","volume":"104","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028217304855?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028217304855?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T02:58:15Z","timestamp":1666493895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028217304855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028217304855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of metformin for ovulation induction in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a guideline","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92017 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}