{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:50:15Z","timestamp":1791417015812,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1183,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000918","name":"New York Community Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000918","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mr. Robert S. Dow Foundation"},{"name":"Irena and Howard Laks Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T10:01:07Z","timestamp":1551348067000},"page":"444-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Microsurgical vasectomy reversal: contemporary techniques, intraoperative decision making, and surgical training for the next generation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Russell P.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65411-0","article-title":"The role of testicular biopsy in the modern management of male infertility","volume":"167","author":"Schoor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.125","article-title":"Uniform testicular maturation arrest: a unique subset of men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"178","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.06.054","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and reproductive outcomes in infertile men with testicular early and late maturation arrest","volume":"80","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.09.004","article-title":"Value of serum antisperm antibodies in diagnosing obstructive azoospermia","volume":"181","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu092","article-title":"Ultrasonographic caput epididymis diameter is reduced in non-obstructive azoospermia compared with normozoospermia but is not predictive for successful sperm retrieval after TESE","volume":"29","author":"Pezzella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(Sup01)12","article-title":"Predictive factors for sperm retrieval and sperm injection outcomes in obstructive azoospermia: do etiology, retrieval techniques and gamete source play a role?","volume":"68","author":"Miyaoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38381-7","article-title":"Results of 1,469 microsurgical vasectomy reversals by the Vasovasostomy Study Group","volume":"145","author":"Belker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03219-8","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal performed 15 years or more after vasectomy: correlation of pregnancy outcome with partner age and with pregnancy results of in\u00a0vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"77","author":"Fuchs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.07.092","article-title":"The kinetics of sperm return and late failure following vasovasostomy or vasoepididymostomy: a systematic review","volume":"201","author":"Farber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12139","article-title":"Pre-operative risk factors associated with need for vasoepididymostomy at the time of vasectomy reversal","volume":"4","author":"Fuchs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1983.tb00545.x","article-title":"Development of the oocyte-penetrating capacity of spermatozoa in the human epididymis","volume":"6","author":"Moore","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68182-7","article-title":"Fertility outcome after repeat vasoepididymostomy","volume":"162","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11619","article-title":"MRI of the epididymis: can the outcome of vasectomy reversal be predicted preoperatively?","volume":"203","author":"McCammack","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.01007.x","article-title":"Impact of obstructive interval and sperm granuloma on patency and pregnancy after vasectomy reversal","volume":"33","author":"Magheli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000098652.35575.85","article-title":"The impact of obstructive interval and sperm granuloma on outcome of vasectomy reversal","volume":"171","author":"Boorjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.12.023","article-title":"Outcomes of microsurgical vasovasostomy for vasectomy reversal: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Herrel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.228.2.556","article-title":"Intratubular hydrostatic pressure in testis and epididymis before and after vasectomy","volume":"228","author":"Johnson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)52215-6","article-title":"Intraoperative observations during vasovasostomy in 334 patients","volume":"129","author":"Belker","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61616-1","article-title":"Repeat vasectomy reversal after initial failure: overall results and predictors for success","volume":"161","author":"Hernandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65060-2","article-title":"Microsurgical reconstruction following failed vasectomy reversal","volume":"157","author":"Matthews","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E439","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1947","article-title":"Robotic intra-abdominal vasectomy reversal: a new approach to a difficult problem","volume":"8","author":"Barazani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.12.025","article-title":"The role of the urologist in the era of in\u00a0vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"103","author":"Pastuszak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mean age of mother, 1970-2000","volume":"51","author":"Mathews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey101","article-title":"Pregnancy after vasectomy: surgical reversal or assisted reproduction?","volume":"33","author":"Valerie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib25","first-page":"S121","article-title":"The management of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia","volume":"90","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.02.118","article-title":"Reconsidering vasectomy reversal over assisted reproduction in older couples","volume":"109","author":"Kapadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den200","article-title":"A decision analysis of treatments for obstructive azoospermia","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1159\/000020201","article-title":"Microsurgical vasovasostomy versus microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration\/testicular extraction of sperm combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A cost-benefit analysis","volume":"37","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00023-2","article-title":"Outcomes of vasectomy reversal performed for men with the same female partners","volume":"61","author":"Kolettis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.09.066","article-title":"Superior outcomes of microsurgical vasectomy reversal in men with the same female partners","volume":"81","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.07.106","article-title":"Higher outcomes of vasectomy reversal in men with the same female partner as before vasectomy","volume":"193","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib32","first-page":"S213","article-title":"Sperm retrieval for obstructive azoospermia","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42916-X","article-title":"Microscopic vasectomy reversal","volume":"28","author":"Silber","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1101","article-title":"The mammalian blood-testis barrier: its biology and regulation","volume":"36","author":"Mruk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.80","article-title":"The evolution and refinement of vasoepididymostomy techniques","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.175091","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal: a clinical update","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.12.059","article-title":"The history of microsurgery in urology","volume":"85","author":"Pastuszak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44887-7","article-title":"A 20-year experience with vasovasostomy","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2017.35.2.115","article-title":"Loupe-assisted vasovasostomy using a prolene stent: a simpler vasectomy reversal technique","volume":"35","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.05.010","article-title":"Mini-incision microsurgical vasectomy reversal using no-scalpel vasectomy principles and instruments","volume":"72","author":"Jarvi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.09.051","article-title":"Mini-incision vasectomy reversal using no-scalpel vasectomy principles: efficacy and postoperative pain compared with traditional approaches to vasectomy reversal","volume":"77","author":"Grober","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.07.34","article-title":"Office-based andrology and male infertility procedures-a cost-effective alternative","volume":"6","author":"Alom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.11.014","article-title":"Angled vas cutter for vasovasostomy: technique and results","volume":"101","author":"Crosnoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib44","series-title":"Marks SHF. Vasectomy reversal: manual of vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy","first-page":"101","article-title":"Vasoepididymostomy: end-to-side longitudinal multilayer intussusception","author":"Marks","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000157318.13975.2a","article-title":"Herniorrhaphy with polypropylene mesh causing inguinal vasal obstruction: a preventable cause of obstructive azoospermia","volume":"241","author":"Shin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib46","series-title":"Surgery of male infertility","author":"Goldstein","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64053-9","article-title":"Microsurgical vasovasostomy: the microdot technique of precision suture placement","volume":"159","author":"Goldstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05190","article-title":"Outcomes for vasovasostomy performed when only sperm parts are present in the vasal fluid","volume":"27","author":"Kolettis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.09.005","article-title":"Association between the presence of sperm in the vasal fluid during vasectomy reversal and postoperative patency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Scovell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.009","article-title":"Impact on pregnancy of gross and microscopic vasal fluid during vasectomy reversal","volume":"194","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000131486.34917.2f","article-title":"Intravasal \u201ctoothpaste\u201d in men with obstructive azoospermia is derived from vasal epithelium, not sperm","volume":"172","author":"Anger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(02)00083-6","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of the azoospermic patient in the age of intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"29","author":"Hopps","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02633.x","article-title":"Outcomes for vasovasostomy with bilateral intravasal azoospermia","volume":"24","author":"Hopps","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328345d50e","article-title":"Physiologic role and regulation of intratesticular sex steroids","volume":"18","author":"Page","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1846","article-title":"Multicenter contraceptive efficacy trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate in Chinese men","volume":"94","author":"Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.06.081","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal outcomes in men previously on testosterone supplementation therapy","volume":"84","author":"Coward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.173938","article-title":"Recovery of spermatogenesis following testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic-androgenic steroid use","volume":"18","author":"McBride","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00022-9","article-title":"Comparison of absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures for microsurgical vasovasostomy in rats","volume":"53","author":"Sheynkin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000135118.43383.b1","article-title":"Should all urologists performing vasectomy reversals be able to perform vasoepididymostomies if required?","volume":"172","author":"Chawla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000059360.97108.c4","article-title":"Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study of 3 intussusception techniques in rats","volume":"169","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65144-0","article-title":"Comparison of intussusception pull-through end-to-side and conventional end-to-side microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: prospective randomized controlled study in male wistar rats","volume":"167","author":"McCallum","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.159718","article-title":"Multiple factors affecting surgical outcomes and patency rates in use of single-armed two-suture microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: a single surgeon's experience with 81 patients","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.01.091","article-title":"Innovative single-armed suture technique for microsurgical vasoepididymostomy","volume":"69","author":"Monoski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.100","article-title":"A modified single-armed technique for microsurgical vasoepididymostomy","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12111","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of early outcomes after a single-armed suture technique for microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.166432","article-title":"Vasal vessels preserving microsurgical vasoepididymostomy in cases of previous varicocelectomy: a case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000098364.94347.02","article-title":"Initial evaluation of robotic technology for microsurgical vasovasostomy","volume":"171","author":"Kuang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000115902.00988.68","article-title":"Robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study in a rat model","volume":"171","author":"Schiff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-011-0295-2","article-title":"Robotic vasovasostomy: description of technique and review of initial results","volume":"6","author":"Santomauro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-016-0653-1","article-title":"Robot-assisted vasovasostomy using a single layer anastomosis","volume":"11","author":"Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.142141","article-title":"Validation of robot-assisted vasectomy reversal","volume":"17","author":"Kavoussi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.11.107","article-title":"Intracorporeal robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy for the treatment of bilateral vasal obstruction occurring following bilateral inguinal hernia repairs with mesh placement","volume":"191","author":"Trost","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1997.3030","article-title":"Video-microsurgery: a new tool in microsurgery","volume":"52","author":"Medot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131957","article-title":"Application of a three-dimensional microsurgical video system for a rat femoral vessel anastomosis","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.01.018","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal semen analysis: new reference ranges predict pregnancy","volume":"107","author":"Majzoub","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib76","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12315","article-title":"Learning curves for urological procedures: a systematic review","volume":"114","author":"Abboudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04227.x","article-title":"Current practice in the management of vasectomy reversal and unobstructive azoospermia in Merseyside & North Wales: a questionnaire-based survey","volume":"91","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2009.05.010","article-title":"Factors predicting successful microsurgical vasectomy reversal","volume":"36","author":"Nagler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.08.011","article-title":"Microsurgical rat varicocele model","volume":"191","author":"Najari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10152","article-title":"Validation of novel and objective measures of microsurgical skill: Hand-motion analysis and stereoscopic visual acuity","volume":"23","author":"Grober","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133346.07434.30","article-title":"The educational impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill: the use of clinically relevant outcome measures","volume":"240","author":"Grober","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004_bib83","article-title":"Robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy: the learning curve for a pure microsurgeon","author":"Kavoussi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal Robotic Surg"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219300093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219300093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:21:44Z","timestamp":1758010904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028219300093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028219300093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microsurgical vasectomy reversal: contemporary techniques, intraoperative decision making, and surgical training for the next generation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92019 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}