{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T12:16:13Z","timestamp":1783167373182,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":999,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T16:37:27Z","timestamp":1566491847000},"page":"426-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fertility-enhancing male reproductive surgery: glimpses into the past and thoughts for the future"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Brannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.036","article-title":"Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men","volume":"108","author":"Clavijo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib2","first-page":"77","article-title":"A preliminary report of \u201csubclinical varicocele\u201d: diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope. Examination and initial results of surgical therapy","volume":"22","author":"Greenberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(80)90336-2","article-title":"Radioisotope angiography in diagnosis of varicocele","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"1980","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.06.036","article-title":"The impact of microsurgical repair of subclinical and clinical varicoceles on total motile sperm count: is there a difference?","volume":"120","author":"Thirumavalavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0798-8","article-title":"The effect of subclinical varicocele on pregnancy rates and semen parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.10.007","article-title":"Report on varicocele and infertility: a committee opinion","volume":"102","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib7","article-title":"Systematic review of the impact of varicocele grade on response to surgical management","author":"Asafu-Adjei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0386","article-title":"The history of varicocele: from antiquity to the modern era","volume":"44","author":"Marte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01181.x","article-title":"Scrotal asymmetry, varicocoele and the Riace bronzes","volume":"35","author":"Bonafini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)69113-4","article-title":"Radical cure of varicocele by a new technique; preliminary report","volume":"61","author":"Palomo","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48501-8","article-title":"The management of varicoceles by microdissection of the spermatic cord at the external inguinal ring","volume":"43","author":"Marmar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32521-1","article-title":"Subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy: a technical critique and statistical analysis of semen and pregnancy data","volume":"152","author":"Marmar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37035-0","article-title":"Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic sparing technique","volume":"148","author":"Goldstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1113","article-title":"Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with and without testicular delivery","volume":"68","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54615-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic varicocele ligation: a new technique","volume":"56","author":"Aaberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37137-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic varicocelectomy: preliminary report of a new technique","volume":"147","author":"Hagood","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37138-0","article-title":"Laparoscopic varix ligation","volume":"147","author":"Donovan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2012.12.009","article-title":"Long term outcomes of lymphatic sparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy","volume":"9","author":"Rizkala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00402-7","article-title":"Hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy","volume":"175","author":"Hassan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07584.x","article-title":"Single-port laparoscopic surgery: initial experience in children for varicocelectomy","volume":"102","author":"Kaouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.050","article-title":"Varicocelectomy for male infertility: a comparative study of open, laparoscopic and microsurgical approaches","volume":"180","author":"Al-Said","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12343","article-title":"The comparison of laparoscopic and microsurgical varicocoelectomy in infertile men with varicocoele on paternity rate 12 months after surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Bryniarski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.01.029","article-title":"Propensity-matched comparison of morbidity and costs of open and robot-assisted radical cystectomies: a contemporary population-based analysis in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Leow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.12.020","article-title":"Temporal national trends of minimally invasive and retropubic radical prostatectomy outcomes from 2003 to 2007: results from the 100% Medicare sample","volume":"61","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib25","first-page":"CD009625","article-title":"Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localised prostate cancer","author":"Ilic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14586","article-title":"Association of robotic-assisted vs. laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with perioperative outcomes and health care costs, 2003 to 2015","volume":"318","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2008.00354.x","article-title":"Initial experience with robot-assisted varicocelectomy","volume":"10","author":"Shu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_45_17","article-title":"A retrospective review of single-institution outcomes with robotic-assisted microsurgical varicocelectomy","volume":"20","author":"McCullough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1978.tb01324.x","article-title":"A new method for the treatment of varicocele","volume":"10","author":"Lima","year":"1978","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.169985","article-title":"Percutaneous embolization of varicocele: technique, indications, relative contraindications, and complications","volume":"18","author":"Halpern","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34956-X","article-title":"Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicocele: technique and late results","volume":"151","author":"Tauber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000475115","article-title":"Rationale for antegrade sclerotherapy in varicoceles","volume":"27","author":"Kuenkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.5301\/RU.2013.10722","article-title":"Ischemic necrosis of the sigmoid colon after antegrade sclerotherapy of idiopathic varicocele: a case report","volume":"80","author":"Fulcoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350611429026","article-title":"Surgical subinguinal approach to varicocele combined with antegrade intraoperative sclerosis of venous vessels","volume":"19","author":"Colpi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.02.028","article-title":"Antegrade subinguinal sclerotization with temporary clamping of the spermatic cord: a new surgical technique for varicocele","volume":"77","author":"Mancini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02716.x","article-title":"Surgical ligation vs. angiographic embolization of the vena spermatica: a prospective randomized study for the treatment of varicocele-related infertility","volume":"25","author":"Nieschlag","year":"1993","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2002.00494.x","article-title":"Does treatment of varicocele improve male fertility? Results of the \u201cDeutsche Varikozelenstudie,\u201d a multicentre study of 14 collaborating centres","volume":"34","author":"Krause","year":"2002","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122189","article-title":"Loupe-assisted versus microscopic varicocelectomy: is there an intraoperative anatomic difference?","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176488.44895.7b","article-title":"Adolescent varicocele repair: long-term results and comparison of surgical techniques according to optical magnification use in 100 cases at a single university hospital","volume":"5","author":"Cayan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005967","article-title":"Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique","volume":"30","author":"Cayan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.136443","article-title":"Inguinal and subinguinal micro-varicocelectomy, the optimal surgical management of varicocele: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E619","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1873","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis reveals microsurgical varicocele repair is superior to percutaneous embolization in the treatment of male infertility","volume":"8","author":"Kovac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.189622","article-title":"The application of laparoscopic Doppler ultrasound during laparoscopic varicocelectomy in infertile men","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2016.1236855","article-title":"Efficacy of indocyanine green angiography on microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy","volume":"30","author":"Shibata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.04.027","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography\u2013assisted laparoendoscopic single-site varicocelectomy","volume":"106","author":"Tomita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1093","article-title":"Undergoing varicocele repair before assisted reproduction improves pregnancy rate and live birth rate in azoospermic and oligospermic men with a varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Kirby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.024","article-title":"Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate","volume":"189","author":"Smit","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.017","article-title":"Varicocelectomy to \u201cupgrade\u201d semen quality to allow couples to use less invasive forms of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"108","author":"Samplaski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65192-0","article-title":"Can varicocelectomy significantly change the way couples use assisted reproductive technologies?","volume":"167","author":"Cayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.08.013","article-title":"Obstructive azoospermia","volume":"41","author":"Wosnitzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib51","first-page":"2","article-title":"The surgical treatment of sterility due to obstruction at the epididymis; together with a study of the morphology of human spermatozoa","volume":"15","author":"Martin","year":"1902","journal-title":"Univ Pa Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-015-0511-0","article-title":"The evolution of vasectomy reversal","volume":"16","author":"Dickey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib53","first-page":"691","article-title":"New operation raises possibility vasectomies are not irreversible","volume":"234","year":"1975","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704142961527","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal","volume":"296","author":"Silber","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42916-X","article-title":"Microscopic vasectomy reversal","volume":"28","author":"Silber","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43639-3","article-title":"Microscopic vasoepididymostomy: specific microanastomosis to the epididymal tubule","volume":"30","author":"Silber","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000059360.97108.c4","article-title":"Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study of 3 intussusception techniques in rats","volume":"169","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01757-2","article-title":"Vasoepididymostomy","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63205-1","article-title":"Triangulation end-to-side vasoepididymostomy","volume":"159","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67907-4","article-title":"Modified vasoepididymostomy with simultaneous double needle placement, tubulotomy and tubular invagination","volume":"163","author":"Marmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64053-9","article-title":"Microsurgical vasovasostomy: the microdot technique of precision suture placement","volume":"159","author":"Goldstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00668.x","article-title":"Comparison of modified one- and two-layer microsurgical vasovasostomy","volume":"85","author":"Fischer","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2013.805256","article-title":"Comparison of macroscopic one-layer over number 1 nylon suture vasovasostomy with the standard two-layer microsurgical procedure","volume":"16","author":"Safarinejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000115902.00988.68","article-title":"Robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: a prospective randomized study in a rat model","volume":"171","author":"Schiff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000098364.94347.02","article-title":"Initial evaluation of robotic technology for microsurgical vasovasostomy","volume":"171","author":"Kuang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.142141","article-title":"Validation of robot-assisted vasectomy reversal","volume":"17","author":"Kavoussi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-016-0653-1","article-title":"Robot-assisted vasovasostomy using a single layer anastomosis","volume":"11","author":"Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.026","article-title":"Pros and cons of robotic microsurgery as an appropriate approach to male reproductive surgery for vasectomy reversal and varicocele repair","volume":"110","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(89)90140-4","article-title":"Experimental study of hollow, absorbable polyglycolic acid tube as stent for vasovasostomy","volume":"33","author":"Flam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60562-9","article-title":"Studies of polyglycolic acid hollow self-retaining vasal stent in vasovasostomy","volume":"51","author":"Berger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64837-7","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of an absorbable stent for vasectomy reversal","volume":"157","author":"Rothman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.063","article-title":"New nonabsorbable stent versus a microsurgical procedure for vasectomy reversal: evaluating tissue reactions at the anastomosis in rabbits","volume":"84","author":"Vrijhof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05471.x","article-title":"The use of a newly designed nonabsorbable polymeric stent in reconstructing the vas deferens: a feasibility study in New Zealand white rabbits","volume":"95","author":"Vrijhof","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2017.35.2.115","article-title":"Loupe-assisted vasovasostomy using a Prolene stent: a simpler vasectomy reversal technique","volume":"35","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38616-0","article-title":"Fibrin glue vasal anastomosis compared to conventional sutured vasovasostomy in the rat","volume":"145","author":"Silverstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000173941.87775.35","article-title":"Fibrin glue assisted 3-suture vasovasostomy","volume":"174","author":"Ho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000134976.03994.bb","article-title":"Toward a sutureless vasovasostomy: use of biomaterials and surgical sealants in a rodent vasovasostomy model","volume":"172","author":"Schiff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(93)90515-C","article-title":"Comparison of vasovasostomy techniques in rats utilizing conventional microsurgical suture, carbon dioxide laser, and fibrin tissue adhesives","volume":"41","author":"Ball","year":"1993","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.006","article-title":"BioGlue and Dermabond save time, leak less, and are not mechanically inferior to two-layer and modified one-layer vasovasostomy","volume":"91","author":"Saunders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01204112","article-title":"Microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA): a new option for treatment of the obstructive azoospermia associated with cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Oates","year":"1992","journal-title":"Assist J Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.3.620","article-title":"Surgical sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection as treatment of obstructive azoospermia","volume":"13","author":"Dohle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.084","article-title":"Reproductive potential of men with obstructive azoospermia undergoing percutaneous sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection according to the cause of obstruction","volume":"189","author":"Esteves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65193-2","article-title":"Outcome of in\u00a0vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic injection of epididymal and testicular sperm obtained from patients with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"167","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev032","article-title":"Live birth rates after MESA or TESE in men with obstructive azoospermia: is there a difference?","volume":"30","author":"van Wely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/5.9.831","article-title":"A comparison of DNA damage in testicular and proximal epididymal spermatozoa in obstructive azoospermia","volume":"5","author":"Steele","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2213-y","article-title":"Robotic surgery: new robots and finally some real competition!","volume":"36","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib87","first-page":"e662","article-title":"A prospective cohort evaluation of a robotic, auto-navigating operating microscope","volume":"8","author":"Bohl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib88","first-page":"102","article-title":"Robotic microsurgery in male infertility and urology-taking robotics to the next level","volume":"3","author":"Gudeloglu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b00586","article-title":"Nanoparticle organization controls their potency as universal glues for gels","volume":"18","author":"Molinari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12806","article-title":"Nanoparticle solutions as adhesives for gels and biological tissues","volume":"505","author":"Rose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1006790","article-title":"Stented laser-welded vasovasostomy in the rat: comparison of Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers","volume":"7","author":"Alefelder","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(1998)18:7<414::AID-MICR5>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Laser welding of vas deferens in rodents: initial experience with fluid solders","volume":"18","author":"Trickett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26383","article-title":"Potassium titanyl phosphate laser welding following complete nerve transection","volume":"127","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.276","article-title":"An update on the diagnosis and management of ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"13","author":"Modgil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey298","article-title":"The prevalence of midline prostatic cysts and the relationship between cyst size and semen parameters among infertile and fertile men","volume":"33","author":"Lotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60510-X","article-title":"Stenosis of ejaculatory ducts treated by endoscopic resection","volume":"109","author":"Farley","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1996.tb01822.x","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"17","author":"Jarow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(94)80181-9","article-title":"Modified resectoscope loop for transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct","volume":"44","author":"Sabanegh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib99","first-page":"293","article-title":"Transurethral bipolar plasma kinetic resection of ejaculatory duct for treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"21","author":"Tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Xray Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib100","first-page":"Doc06","article-title":"Less invasive causal treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction by balloon dilation: a case report, literature review and suggestion of a CT- or MRI-guided intervention","volume":"10","author":"Kayser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.4.1062","article-title":"Hybrid method of transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts using holmium:yttriumaluminium garnet laser on complete ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.051","article-title":"Transurethral ablation of a prostatic utricle cyst with the use of a holmium laser","volume":"110","author":"S\u00e1vio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib103","series-title":"Textbook of endourology","first-page":"338","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.019","article-title":"Ejaculatory duct manometry in normal men and in patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"180","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.028","article-title":"Seminal vesicle sperm aspiration from wounded warriors","volume":"106","author":"Healy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.03.069","article-title":"Use of transperineal fine needle aspiration of seminal vesicles to retrieve sperm in a man with obstructive azoospermia","volume":"86","author":"Cerruto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65595-2","article-title":"Ex\u00a0vivo ultrathin endoscopy of the seminal vesicles","volume":"156","author":"Shimada","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63250-6","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo endoscopy of the seminal vesicle","volume":"159","author":"Okubo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/089277902760261347","article-title":"Transutricular seminal vesiculoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013912","article-title":"Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy using a 6F vesiculoscope for ejaculatory duct obstruction: initial experience","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.139256","article-title":"Multiple advanced surgical techniques to treat acquired seminal duct obstruction","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib112","first-page":"2872","article-title":"[Effectiveness of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the treatment of persistent hematospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia and azoospermia from ejaculatory duct obstruction]","volume":"96","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0264","article-title":"Flexible vesiculovasoscopy using a microoptical system in a human cadaver model: an experimental approach for atraumatic endoscopy of the seminal tract","volume":"30","author":"Schlager","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12282","article-title":"Micro-endoscopy of the human vas deferens: a feasibility study of a novel device in several ex\u00a0vivo models","volume":"5","author":"Trottmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28218","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.28218","article-title":"Review of azoospermia","volume":"4","author":"Wosnitzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.4.439","article-title":"Microdissection TESE: sperm retrieval in nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"4","author":"Schlegel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131","article-title":"Testicular sperm extraction: microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision","volume":"14","author":"Schlegel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00322-7","article-title":"Testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia: results of a multibiopsy approach with optimized tissue dispersion","volume":"52","author":"Ostad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00148.x","article-title":"Outcome of microdissection TESE compared with conventional TESE in nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Deruyver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1703","article-title":"High serum FSH levels in men with nonobstructive azoospermia does not affect success of microdissection testicular sperm extraction","volume":"92","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.002","article-title":"Role of optimizing testosterone before microdissection testicular sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"188","author":"Reifsnyder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.09.038","article-title":"A comparison of models for predicting\u00a0sperm retrieval before microdissection testicular sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"189","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.019","article-title":"Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.006","article-title":"A\u00a0decade of experience emphasizes that testing for Y microdeletions is essential in American men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia","volume":"94","author":"Stahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.033","article-title":"Role of tissue digestion and extensive sperm search after microdissection testicular sperm extraction","volume":"96","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054106","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4994548","article-title":"Separation of sperm cells from samples containing high concentrations of white blood cells using a spiral channel","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.269","article-title":"Identification of live sperm by flow cytometry using visible spectrum, membrane permeable SYTO red nucleic acid stains","volume":"106","author":"Mittal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/2153-3539.93401","article-title":"Full field optical coherence tomography can identify spermatogenesis in a rodent Sertoli-cell only model","volume":"3","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pathol Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.03.124","article-title":"Pilot study of the correlation of multiphoton tomography of ex\u00a0vivo human testis with histology","volume":"188","author":"Najari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219305552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219305552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:24:46Z","timestamp":1758011086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028219305552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028219305552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fertility-enhancing male reproductive surgery: glimpses into the past and thoughts for the future","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92019 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}