{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:08:31Z","timestamp":1776474511666,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1046,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UAB CF-180034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UAB CF-180034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UAB\/PIF2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UAB\/PIF2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011104","name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T16:53:10Z","timestamp":1570121590000},"page":"831-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Sperm microRNA pairs: new perspectives in the search for male fertility biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0621-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Corral-Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5914-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Salas-Huetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaida","family":"Sarrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8914-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib1","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03725.x","article-title":"The value of artificial insemination with husband's semen in infertility due to failure of postcoital sperm-mucus penetration\u2014controlled trial of treatment","volume":"94","author":"Glazener","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12209","article-title":"Uncertainty of measurement and clinical value of semen analysis: has standardisation through professional guidelines helped or hindered progress?","volume":"4","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib5","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm\u2013cervical mucus interaction","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib6","series-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm\u2013cervical mucus interaction","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0152","article-title":"Is sperm evaluation useful in predicting human fertility?","volume":"134","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.02.021","article-title":"Unexplained infertility: an update and review of practice","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2011.637152","article-title":"Spermatozoa as biomarkers for the assessment of human male infertility and genotoxicity","volume":"58","author":"Anton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm012","article-title":"Success and failure in human spermatogenesis as revealed by teratozoospermic RNAs","volume":"16","author":"Platts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1654","article-title":"Paternal contribution: new insights and future challenges","volume":"6","author":"Krawetz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt031","article-title":"The presence, role and clinical use of spermatozoal RNAs","volume":"19","author":"Jodar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1397344","article-title":"Overview of microRNA biology","volume":"35","author":"Mohr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2011.569906","article-title":"Seminal molecular markers as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the evaluation of spermatogenesis in nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"57","author":"Aslani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-011-9644-3","article-title":"Sperm transcriptome profiling in oligozoospermia","volume":"29","author":"Montjean","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.078","article-title":"Microarray analysis in sperm from fertile and infertile men without basic sperm analysis abnormalities reveals a significantly different transcriptome","volume":"91","author":"Garrido","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.054","article-title":"Altered microRNA expression profiles of human spermatozoa in patients with different spermatogenic impairments","volume":"99","author":"Abu-Halima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.07.001","article-title":"Panel of five microRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of male infertility","volume":"102","author":"Abu-Halima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.06.015","article-title":"Spermatozoa from patients with seminal alterations exhibit a differential micro-ribonucleic acid profile","volume":"104","author":"Salas-Huetos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0656","article-title":"Expressions of miR-15a and its target gene HSPA1B in the spermatozoa of patients with varicocele","volume":"147","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.124487","article-title":"The expression of cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP2) and its specific regulator miR-27b in the spermatozoa of patients with asthenozoospermia","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem363","article-title":"Both protamine-1 to protamine-2 mRNA ratio and Bcl2 mRNA content in testicular spermatids and ejaculated spermatozoa discriminate between fertile and infertile men","volume":"23","author":"Steger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah258","article-title":"A novel mechanism of protamine expression deregulation highlighted by abnormal protamine transcript retention in infertile human males with sperm protamine deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Aoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Evaluation of protamines 1 and 2 transcript contents in spermatozoa from asthenozoospermic men","volume":"45","author":"Kempisty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah064","article-title":"Analysis and significance of mRNA in human ejaculated sperm from normozoospermic donors: relationship to sperm motility and capacitation","volume":"10","author":"Lambard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010701426430","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of transition proteins 1, 2 spermatid-specific linker histone H1\u2013like protein transcripts in spermatozoa from normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men","volume":"53","author":"Jedrzejczak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.02.046","article-title":"Sperm Protamine mRNA Ratio and DNA Fragmentation index represent reliable clinical biomarkers for men with varicocele after microsurgical varicocele ligation","volume":"192","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.02.013","article-title":"A platform for evaluating sperm RNA biomarkers: dysplasia of the fibrous sheath\u2014testing the concept","volume":"97","author":"Lima-Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.040","article-title":"New insights into the expression profile and function of micro\u2013ribonucleic acid in human spermatozoa","volume":"102","author":"Salas-Huetos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12276","article-title":"Sperm from normozoospermic fertile and infertile individuals convey a distinct miRNA cargo","volume":"4","author":"Salas-Huetos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59660-5","article-title":"Predictive value of abnormal sperm morphology in in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"49","author":"Kruger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib32","first-page":"227","article-title":"\u201cHow to count sperm properly\u201d: checklist for acceptability of studies based on human semen analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bj\u00f6rndahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010701216526","article-title":"The preparation of human spermatozoal RNA for clinical analysis","volume":"53","author":"Goodrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-555","article-title":"A novel mean-centering method for normalizing microRNA expression from high-throughput RT-qPCR data","volume":"4","author":"Wylie","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib35","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp578","article-title":"HTqPCR: high-throughput analysis and visualization of quantitative real-time PCR data in R","volume":"25","author":"Dvinge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaw072","article-title":"Normalization matters: tracking the best strategy for sperm miRNA quantification","volume":"23","author":"Corral-Vazquez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-009-0485-9","article-title":"Identification of human sperm transcripts as candidate markers of male fertility","volume":"87","author":"Lalancette","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.06.002","article-title":"EAU guidelines on male infertility","volume":"48","author":"Dohle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib40","series-title":"WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib41","first-page":"81","article-title":"Significance of microRNA targeted estrogen receptor in male fertility","volume":"17","author":"Abhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1067","article-title":"MiRTarBase update 2018: A resource for experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions","volume":"46","author":"Chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"CSmiRTar: condition-specific microRNA targets database","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr041","article-title":"miRNA and mammalian male germ cells","volume":"18","author":"Mclver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2851","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407777111","article-title":"Two miRNA clusters, miR-34b\/c and miR-449, are essential for normal brain development, motile ciliogenesis, and spermatogenesis","volume":"111","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110368109","article-title":"Sperm-borne microRNA-34c is required for the first cleavage division in mouse","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.003","article-title":"Spermatozoa micro ribonucleic acid-34c level is correlated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes","volume":"104","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219305795?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028219305795?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:23:49Z","timestamp":1758011029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028219305795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028219305795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sperm microRNA pairs: new perspectives in the search for male fertility biomarkers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92019 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}