{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:15:11Z","timestamp":1783656911755,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T16:06:04Z","timestamp":1625414764000},"page":"963-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Testicular sperm extraction vs. ejaculated sperm use for nonazoospermic male factor infertility"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Kendall Rauchfuss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tana","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Bleess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Ziegelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra C.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"Vander Borght","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_1.33","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility","volume":"13","author":"Irvine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38662-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the azoospermic patient","volume":"142","author":"Jarow","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137433","article-title":"Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1,850,000) of three French regions (1988\u20131989)","volume":"6","author":"Thonneau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6510.1693","article-title":"Population study of causes, treatment, and outcome of infertility","volume":"291","author":"Hull","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92425-F","article-title":"Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte","volume":"340","author":"Palermo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev032","article-title":"Live birth rates after MESA or TESE in men with obstructive azoospermia: is there a difference?","volume":"30","author":"van Wely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12215","article-title":"Intervention improves assisted conception intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes for patients with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation: a retrospective analysis","volume":"4","author":"Bradley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.11.005","article-title":"Testicular spermatozoa have statistically significantly lower DNA damage compared with ejaculated spermatozoa in patients with unsuccessful oral antioxidant treatment","volume":"93","author":"Moskovtsev","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02962-4","article-title":"Assessment of DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa that were surgically retrieved from men with obstructive azoospermia","volume":"77","author":"Ramos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.6.1565","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA deletions and nuclear DNA fragmentation in testicular and epididymal human sperm","volume":"17","author":"O'Connell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.08.008","article-title":"Higher pregnancy rates using testicular sperm in men with severe oligospermia","volume":"104","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42975-4","article-title":"Frequency distribution of sperm counts in fertile and infertile males","volume":"28","author":"Zukerman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12199","article-title":"Total motile sperm count has a superior predictive value over the WHO 2010 cut-off values for the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles","volume":"4","author":"Borges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S720","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.08.06","article-title":"The Society for Translational Medicine: clinical practice guidelines for sperm DNA fragmentation testing in male infertility","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2005.00665.x","article-title":"Influence of motility and vitality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated and testicular sperm","volume":"37","author":"Stalf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.011353","article-title":"Virtual azoospermia and cryptozoospermia-\u2013fresh\/frozen testicular or ejaculate sperm for better IVF outcome?","volume":"32","author":"Hauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib18","first-page":"89","article-title":"MESA and TESE: experiences of the German section of urological microsurgery","volume":"28","author":"Zumbe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.02.025","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome of ejaculated versus extracted testicular spermatozoa in cryptozoospermic men","volume":"99","author":"Ben-Ami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh590","article-title":"Efficient treatment of infertility due to sperm DNA damage by ICSI with testicular spermatozoa","volume":"20","author":"Greco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26280-0","article-title":"Testicular sperm is superior to ejaculated sperm for ICSI in cryptozoospermia: an update systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04553-3","article-title":"Postoperative pain, complications, and satisfaction rates in patients who undergo surgical sperm retrieval","volume":"79","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00236-7","article-title":"Increased oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the spermatozoa of infertile male patients","volume":"68","author":"Kodama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01796-9","article-title":"Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men","volume":"75","author":"Zini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21664-1_5","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation: mechanisms of origin","volume":"1166","author":"Muratori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04948-8","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction","volume":"79","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.07.34","article-title":"Office-based andrology and male infertility procedures-a cost-effective alternative","volume":"6","author":"Alom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60306-9","article-title":"Pregnancies and live births following ICSI with testicular spermatozoa after repeated implantation failure using ejaculated spermatozoa","volume":"17","author":"Weissman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Biomedi Online"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01253.x","article-title":"Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes between spermatozoa retrieved from testicular biopsy and from ejaculation in cryptozoospermic men","volume":"44","author":"Amirjannati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2013.848427","article-title":"ICSI outcome is significantly better with testicular spermatozoa in patients with\u00a0necrozoospermia: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Negri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028221004404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028221004404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:32:16Z","timestamp":1758011536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028221004404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028221004404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Testicular sperm extraction vs. ejaculated sperm use for nonazoospermic male factor infertility","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.087","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92021 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}