{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T17:45:42Z","timestamp":1768412742879,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T16:58:57Z","timestamp":1625936337000},"page":"1381-1390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Innovations in infertility: a comprehensive analysis of the ClinicalTrials.gov database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Peipert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Spinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7126.201","article-title":"Understanding controlled trials. Why are randomised controlled trials important?","volume":"316","author":"Sibbald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440100097014","article-title":"The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence","volume":"263","author":"Dickersin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib3","article-title":"NIH clinical trials and publication bias","author":"Dickersin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Online J Curr Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066844","article-title":"Reporting Bias Group. Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias\u2014an updated review","volume":"8","author":"Dwan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112552","article-title":"Characteristics of mental health trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"281","author":"Arnow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe078110","article-title":"Clinical trial registration--looking back and moving ahead","volume":"356","author":"Laine","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2957-0","article-title":"Registration, results reporting, and publication bias of clinical trials supporting FDA approval of neuropsychiatric drugs before and after FDAAA: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5163-2","article-title":"The changing landscape of phase II\/III metastatic sarcoma clinical trials-analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"18","author":"Que","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196730","article-title":"The current status of clinical trials focusing on nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0740-5","article-title":"Current status and perspectives of interventional clinical trials for glioblastoma - analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"12","author":"Cihoric","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1057-3","article-title":"Clinical trials involving positron emission tomography and prostate cancer: an analysis of the ClinicalTrials.gov database","volume":"13","author":"Cihoric","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.025","article-title":"Trends in clinical reproductive medicine research: 10 years of growth","volume":"104","author":"Aleixandre-Benavent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.01.065","article-title":"Fertility and Sterility and impact factor","volume":"93","author":"Tulandi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.019","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion","volume":"103","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046","article-title":"International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care","volume":"22","author":"Boivin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib16","article-title":"Early termination of cardiovascular trials as a consequence of poor accrual: analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov 2006\u20132015","volume":"7","author":"Baldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Med J Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1040471","article-title":"Hyperthermia-related clinical trials on cancer treatment within the ClinicalTrials.gov registry","volume":"31","author":"Cihoric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.04.008","article-title":"The current landscape of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter clinical trials: a report of 348 studies registered with ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.04.013","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of early termination of cardiovascular clinical trials due to low recruitment: insights from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry","volume":"168","author":"Bernardez-Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.02.039","article-title":"Discontinuation of surgical versus nonsurgical clinical trials: an analysis of 88,498 trials","volume":"227","author":"Mouw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep362","article-title":"Weaknesses, strengths and needs in fertility care according to patients","volume":"25","author":"van Empel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.09.016","article-title":"Insights from clinical experience in treating IVF poor responders","volume":"36","author":"Gonda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml040","article-title":"Women's emotional adjustment to IVF: a systematic review of 25 years of research","volume":"13","author":"Verhaak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.10.012","article-title":"Identification of research priorities in infertility and assisted reproduction: an international, multicentre study","volume":"40","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.014","article-title":"Top 10 priorities for future infertility research: an international consensus development study","volume":"115","author":"Duffy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62296-5","article-title":"Increasing value and reducing waste: addressing inaccessible research","volume":"383","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.20.2457","article-title":"Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles","volume":"291","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.037","article-title":"Large randomized controlled trials in infertility","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199409000-00002","article-title":"Historical background of clinical trials involving women and minorities","volume":"69","author":"McCarthy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3733","article-title":"Dialogues on diversifying clinical trials: successful strategies for engaging women and minorities in clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Coakley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2018.11.002","article-title":"Increasing diversity in clinical trials: overcoming critical barriers","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137433","article-title":"Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1,850,000) of three French regions (1988\u20131989)","volume":"6","author":"Thonneau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65192-0","article-title":"Can varicocelectomy significantly change the way couples use assisted reproductive technologies?","volume":"167","author":"Cayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774514558307","article-title":"Unsuccessful trial accrual and human subjects protections: an empirical analysis of recently closed trials","volume":"12","author":"Carlisle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002966","article-title":"Noncompletion and nonpublication of trials studying rare diseases: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rees","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028221005070?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028221005070?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:16:26Z","timestamp":1762150586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028221005070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028221005070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innovations in infertility: a comprehensive analysis of the ClinicalTrials.gov database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92021 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}