{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:21:30Z","timestamp":1773454890934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 U42 RR006042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 U42 RR006042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006280","name":"Urology Care Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:42:03Z","timestamp":1663288923000},"page":"864-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis as a method to identify undifferentiated spermatogonial cells in adult subjects with Klinefelter syndrome: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Deebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Soltanghoraee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron William","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Abdelaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Howards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Atala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Stogner-Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4377-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Sadri-Ardekani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-11-615","article-title":"Syndrome characterized by gynecomastia, aspermatogenesis without A-leydigism, and increased excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone","volume":"2","author":"Klinefelter","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16678-6","article-title":"Klinefelter's syndrome","volume":"364","author":"Lanfranco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx008","article-title":"Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Corona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep180","article-title":"Focal spermatogenesis originates in euploid germ cells in classical Klinefelter patients","volume":"24","author":"Sciurano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey094","article-title":"When does germ cell loss and fibrosis occur in patients with Klinefelter syndrome?","volume":"33","author":"Van Saen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13004","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome and fertility-Impact of X-chromosomal inheritance on spermatogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Franik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.11.009","article-title":"Presence of spermatogonia in 47,XXY men with no spermatozoa recovered after testicular sperm extraction","volume":"97","author":"Van Saen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-016-0605-3","article-title":"In vitro spermatogenesis: how far from clinical application?","volume":"17","author":"Galdon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.791","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro propagation of human prepubertal spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"305","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.02.013","article-title":"Experimental testicular tissue banking to generate spermatogenesis in the future: a multidisciplinary team approach","volume":"99","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1689","article-title":"Propagation of human spermatogonial stem cells in\u00a0vitro","volume":"302","author":"Sadri-Ardekani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010173","article-title":"In vitro propagation of XXY undifferentiated mouse spermatogonia: model for fertility preservation in Klinefelter syndrome patients","volume":"23","author":"Galdon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.143446","article-title":"Three-dimensional testicular organoid: a novel tool for the study of human spermatogenesis and gonadotoxicity in\u00a0vitro","volume":"96","author":"Pendergraft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14629","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517466112","article-title":"Fourteen babies born after round spermatid injection into human oocytes","volume":"112","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.04.033","article-title":"Ninety babies born after round spermatid injection into oocytes: survey of their development from fertilization to 2 years of age","volume":"110","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10205","article-title":"Germ cell transplantation in goats","volume":"64","author":"Honaramooz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1260765","article-title":"Autologous and homologous transplantation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"126","author":"Izadyar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.1.55","article-title":"Germ cell transplantation into X-irradiated monkey testes","volume":"17","author":"Schlatt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00979.x","article-title":"Transplanted XY germ cells produce spermatozoa in testes of XXY mice","volume":"33","author":"Lue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200303000-00007","article-title":"Morphometrical quantification of spermatogonial germ cells with the 57B anti-MAGE-A4 antibody in the evaluation of testicular biopsies for azoospermia","volume":"11","author":"Yakirevich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.036","article-title":"Fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies to isolate and enrich human spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"102","author":"Valli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-436-0_4","article-title":"Isolation of human male germ-line stem cells using enzymatic digestion and magnetic-activated cell sorting","volume":"825","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20529","article-title":"Protein gene product 9.5 is a spermatogonia-specific marker in the pig testis: application to enrichment and culture of porcine spermatogonia","volume":"73","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90032-0","article-title":"The demonstration of new human brain-specific proteins by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei325","article-title":"Spatial expression of germ cell markers during maturation of human fetal male gonads: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"21","author":"Pauls","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.014","article-title":"Can prepubertal human testicular tissue be cryopreserved by vitrification?","volume":"95","author":"Curaba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz038","article-title":"Age-related presence of spermatogonia in patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Deebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib28","first-page":"177","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in Klinefelter's syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Arce","year":"1980","journal-title":"Reproduccion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.886","article-title":"Morphometric and cytogenetic characteristics of testicular germ cells and Sertoli cell secretory function in men with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab025","article-title":"Reply: spermatogonia stem cell technology: a new avenue for all age Klinefelter patients","volume":"27","author":"Deebel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12767","article-title":"Sperm retrieval rates in non-mosaic Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: what expectations do we have in the real-life setting?","volume":"8","author":"Boeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028222004642?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028222004642?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:16:36Z","timestamp":1762150596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028222004642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028222004642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis as a method to identify undifferentiated spermatogonial cells in adult subjects with Klinefelter syndrome: a cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92022 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}