{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:37:33Z","timestamp":1793853453892,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000031","name":"Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MFM\u2013146444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MFM\u2013146444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T01:19:01Z","timestamp":1663895941000},"page":"926-935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mode of conception and risk of spontaneous vs. provider-initiated preterm birth: population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Yimin P.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Pudwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000215984.36989.5e","article-title":"Temporal trends of preterm birth subtypes and neonatal outcomes","volume":"107","author":"Barros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.05.035","article-title":"Preterm birth and low birth weight among in\u00a0vitro fertilization singletons: a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"146","author":"McDonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05593-4","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies conceived by fresh or frozen embryo transfer compared to spontaneous conceptions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Elias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03938-8","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"21","author":"Chih","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.01.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of late and moderate preterm birth","volume":"17","author":"Shapiro-Mendoza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg444","article-title":"Infertility and preterm delivery, birthweight, and caesarean section: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"18","author":"Basso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.119","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes associated with assisted reproductive technology: the Massachusetts Outcomes Study of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (MOSART)","volume":"103","author":"Declercq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E508","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20160092","article-title":"Estimated reductions in provider-initiated preterm births and hospital length of stay under a universal acetylsalicylic acid prophylaxis strategy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b473fc","article-title":"Heterogeneity of preterm birth subtypes in relation to neonatal death","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-39","article-title":"Temporal trends in neonatal outcomes following iatrogenic preterm delivery","volume":"11","author":"Lisonkova","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18930","article-title":"Risk of spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancies conceived after IVF\/ICSI treatment: meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"51","author":"Cavoretto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1771690","article-title":"IVF\/ICSI treatment and the risk of iatrogenic preterm birth in singleton pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"35","author":"Cavoretto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199805000-00011","article-title":"Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes","volume":"9","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1338","article-title":"Socioeconomic and racial disparities among infertility patients seeking care","volume":"85","author":"Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.132","article-title":"Who receives a medical evaluation for infertility in the United States?","volume":"105","author":"Farland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.011","article-title":"When do involuntarily infertile couples choose to seek medical help?","volume":"93","author":"Moreau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity-score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.32.1.05","article-title":"2008 Niday Perinatal Database quality audit: report of a quality assurance project","volume":"32","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Inj Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4825-3","article-title":"Data accuracy in the Ontario birth Registry: a chart re-abstraction study","volume":"19","author":"Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002046","article-title":"Committee Opinion No 700: methods for estimating the due date","volume":"129","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00671.x","article-title":"Use of stabilized inverse propensity scores as weights to directly estimate relative risk and its confidence intervals","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","article-title":"When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials\u2013a practical guide with flowcharts","volume":"17","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.131","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and risk of adverse obstetric outcomes in dichorionic twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.015","article-title":"Effects of in\u00a0vitro fertilization and maternal characteristics on perinatal outcomes: a population-based study using siblings","volume":"105","author":"Seggers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-1873-2","article-title":"Neonatal outcome of IVF singletons versus naturally conceived in women aged 35 years and over","volume":"284","author":"Tomic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1332035","article-title":"The association of placenta previa and assisted reproductive techniques: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Karami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib30","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Placenta praevia and placenta accreta: diagnosis and management: green-top guideline No. 27a","volume":"126","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004447","article-title":"Medically indicated late-preterm and early-term deliveries: ACOG Committee opinion, Number 831","volume":"138","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17019","article-title":"Caesarean birth in women with infertility: population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Richmond","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03711-x","article-title":"Caesarean section in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Lodge-Tulloch","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib34","first-page":"850","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and lesser degrees of pregnancy hyperglycemia: association with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"102","author":"Hedderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.059","article-title":"Accuracy of assisted reproductive technology information on the Massachusetts birth certificate, 1997-2000","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0667-z","article-title":"Care plans for women pregnant using assisted reproductive technologies: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Velez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1753","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1753","article-title":"High Risk of Pre-eclampsia Identification Group. Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies","volume":"353","author":"Bartsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1881","article-title":"Mortality in infants affected by preterm birth and severe small-for-gestational age birth weight","volume":"140","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.8551","article-title":"Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"326","author":"Henderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028222004800?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028222004800?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:35:20Z","timestamp":1758011720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028222004800"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028222004800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/au.164459275.52741420\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mode of conception and risk of spontaneous vs. provider-initiated preterm birth: population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}