{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:28:36Z","timestamp":1792268916264,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T20:48:39Z","timestamp":1680986919000},"page":"918-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Absolute uterine infertility a cornelian dilemma: uterine transplantation or surrogacy?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Mats","family":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Racowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott G.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Flyckt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne E.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginny L.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"de Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.04.001","article-title":"Uterus transplantation: animal research and human possibilities","volume":"97","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12661","article-title":"The Swedish uterus transplantation project: the story behind the Swedish uterus transplantation project","volume":"94","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61728-1","article-title":"Livebirth after uterus transplantation","volume":"385","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004286","article-title":"Registry of the International Society of Uterus Transplantation: first report","volume":"107","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.06.020","article-title":"Evolving clinical challenges in uterus transplantation","volume":"45","author":"Ayoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.12.020","article-title":"Bioethical issues and legal frameworks of surrogacy: a global perspective about the right to health and dignity","volume":"258","author":"Frati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e673","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001124","article-title":"Uterine transplantation using living donation: a cross-sectional study assessing perceptions; acceptability, and suitability","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156179","article-title":"Survey of attitudes toward uterus transplantation among Japanese women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Kisu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000448","article-title":"Uterine factor infertility: a clinical review","volume":"62","author":"Hur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.135.1.14","article-title":"Ethical problems special to surgery: surgical teaching, surgical innovation, and the surgeon in managed care","volume":"135","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005346","article-title":"Birth of a healthy baby 9 years after a surgically successful deceased donor uterus transplant","volume":"275","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.05.017","article-title":"Reproductive, obstetric and long-term health outcome after uterus transplantation: results of the first clinical trial","volume":"118","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.2612","article-title":"The first 5 years of uterus transplant in the US: a report from the United States uterus transplant consortium","volume":"157","author":"Johannesson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2019.1572672","article-title":"Framing the diagnosis and treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility: insights from in-depth interviews with uterus transplant trial participants","volume":"10","author":"Richards","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJOB Empir Bioeth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib15","author":"Braverman"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.01.017","article-title":"A \u201cfirst\u201d on the horizon: the expansion of uterus transplantation to transgender women","volume":"119","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.10.044","article-title":"Perspectives of 281 patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-K\u00fcster-Hauser syndrome on uterine transplantation","volume":"115","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34561","article-title":"Perceptions and motivations for uterus transplant in transgender women","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib19","author":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib20","author":"Alcaraz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-018-0018-4","article-title":"Uterine transplant: a risk to life or a chance for life?","volume":"25","author":"Taneja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Eng Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib22","author":"Testa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2012.01438.x","article-title":"The Montreal criteria for the ethical feasibility of uterine transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Lefkowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldz022","article-title":"Ethical and policy issues raised by uterus transplants","volume":"131","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.05.010","article-title":"Medical and ethical considerations in uterus transplantation","volume":"123","author":"Benagiano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2011.01897.x","article-title":"The ethics of uterus transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Catsanos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib27","first-page":"90","article-title":"How to avoid catastrophe","volume":"89","author":"Tinsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E988","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2019.988","article-title":"What are good guidelines for evaluating uterus transplantation?","volume":"21","author":"Horvat","year":"2019","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12247","article-title":"Should deceased donation be morally preferred in uterine transplantation trials?","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib31","author":"Grady"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib32","first-page":"S46","article-title":"A Call for empirical research on uterine transplantation and reproductive autonomy","volume":"47","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hastings Cent Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib33","first-page":"369","article-title":"Transnational surrogacy and international human rights law","volume":"18","author":"Stark","year":"2012","journal-title":"ILSA J Int Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib34","first-page":"13","article-title":"Revisiting \u201cThe Handmaid's Tale\u201d: feminist theory meets empirical research on surrogate mothers","volume":"26","author":"Coupienne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Fam Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s41134-017-0034-3","article-title":"Regulating commercial global surrogacy: the best interests of the child","volume":"2","author":"Rotabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Rights Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2016.12.003","article-title":"Legalizing altruistic surrogacy in response to evasive travel? An Icelandic proposal","volume":"3","author":"Kristinsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib37","author":"Marjut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12469","article-title":"Positioning uterus transplantation as a \u2018more ethical\u2019 alternative to surrogacy: exploring symmetries between uterus transplantation and surrogacy through analysis of a Swedish government white paper","volume":"32","author":"Guntram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.048","article-title":"Ethics of uterus transplantation with live donors","volume":"102","author":"Olausson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13172","article-title":"Maternal deaths in the Nordic countries","volume":"96","author":"Vangen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.5529","article-title":"Early and late morbidity of radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: a prospective multicentric cohort of 232 patients","volume":"35","author":"Balaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.06.032","article-title":"Uterine infertility, the last frontier","volume":"118","author":"Pirtea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.2652","article-title":"Uterine transplant-progress, but concerns remain","volume":"157","author":"Forbes","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib44","series-title":"Genomics and personalized medicine","first-page":"87","article-title":"Effects of the environment on the genome and epigenetics","author":"Snyder","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib45","first-page":"5290","article-title":"Ethical and medico-legal remarks on uterus transplantation: may it solve uterine factor infertility?","volume":"21","author":"Zaami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib46","first-page":"14","article-title":"Absolute uterine-factor infertility - gestational carrier or uterine transplant? - A cost effectiveness analysis. Personal communication, data submitted to ASRM Scientific Congress","author":"Combs","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Orleans, LA, Oct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2015-103232","article-title":"Public funding of uterine transplantation","volume":"42","author":"Balayla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.013","article-title":"Ascending toward a 30,000 foot view of uterus transplant","volume":"118","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.017","article-title":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. American Society for Reproductive Medicine position statement on uterus transplantation: a committee opinion","volume":"110","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.01.037","article-title":"Understanding gestational surrogacy in the United States: a primer for obstetricians and gynecologists","volume":"222","author":"Swanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.02.118","article-title":"Using family members as gamete donors or gestational carriers","volume":"107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib54","unstructured":"Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Consideration of the gestational carrier: an Ethics Committee opinion. Fertil Steril. In press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.05.001","article-title":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Recommendations for practices using gestational carriers: a committee opinion","volume":"118","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib56","article-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Ethics. Family building through gestational surrogacy, committee opinion number 660. March 2016","year":"2019","journal-title":"reaffirmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2021-108093","article-title":"Surrogacy: beyond the commercial\/altruistic distinction","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.06.006","article-title":"Experiences of surrogates and intended parents of surrogacy arrangements: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Kneebone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-02000-4","article-title":"Obstetric morbilidy in gestational carrier pregnancies: a population-based study","volume":"28","author":"Swanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.09.017","article-title":"Surrogates\u2019 and intended parents\u2019 experiences of surrogacy arrangements: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Horsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502822300290X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502822300290X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1758011861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001502822300290X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S001502822300290X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Absolute uterine infertility a cornelian dilemma: uterine transplantation or surrogacy?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92023 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}