{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:44:10Z","timestamp":1789793050243,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T15:50:18Z","timestamp":1688140218000},"page":"242-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Should a negative microsurgical testicular sperm extraction be repeated routinely?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Raevti","family":"Bole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Lundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry I.","family":"Lipshultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"John P.","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Torres-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.10.005","article-title":"Efficacy of the second micro-testicular sperm extraction after failed first micro-testicular sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"115","author":"\u00d6zman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000842","article-title":"Feasibility of repeat microdissection testicular sperm extraction within 6 months for nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"86","author":"Tai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy015","article-title":"The risk of TESE-induced hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Eliveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-021-00320-9","article-title":"Hypogonadism following sperm extraction: a scoping review of the current literature","volume":"13","author":"Munoz-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Sex Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62079-2","article-title":"Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection for nonobstructive azoospermia: testicular histology can predict success of sperm retrieval","volume":"161","author":"Su","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib6","unstructured":"Bole R, Kaiyal RS, Lundy SD, Nguyen JK, Parekh N, Vij SC. Discordant bilateral testicular pathology does not affect sperm retrieval rate in bilateral microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). Urology.in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.10.025","article-title":"Overweight men with nonobstructive azoospermia have worse pregnancy outcomes after microdissection testicular sperm extraction","volume":"99","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.11.123","article-title":"Age does not adversely affect sperm retrieval in men undergoing microdissection testicular sperm extraction","volume":"101","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.065","article-title":"Severe testicular atrophy does not affect the success of microdissection testicular sperm extraction","volume":"191","author":"Bryson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.169562","article-title":"Outcome of varicocele repair in men with nonobstructive azoospermia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Esteves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1093","article-title":"Undergoing varicocele repair before assisted reproduction improves pregnancy rate and live birth rate in azoospermic and oligospermic men with a varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Kirby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2007.00273.x","article-title":"Outcome of repeated micro-surgical testicular sperm extraction in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"9","author":"Talas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.7808","article-title":"Successful treatment of postchemotherapy azoospermia with microsurgical testicular sperm extraction: the Weill Cornell experience","volume":"29","author":"Hsiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180043","article-title":"Recovery of spermatogenesis following cancer treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy","volume":"37","author":"Okada","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.08.043","article-title":"Microdissection testicular sperm extraction and salvage hormonal treatment in patients with postchemotherapy azoospermia","volume":"83","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.108","article-title":"Learning curves of microdissection testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"94","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.03.004","article-title":"Combined trifocal and microsurgical testicular sperm extraction is the best technique for testicular sperm retrieval in \u201clow-chance\u201d nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"62","author":"Marcon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib18","first-page":"50","article-title":"Sperm fine-needle aspiration (FNA) mapping after failed microdissection testicular sperm extraction (TESE): location and patterns of found sperm","volume":"21","author":"Jarvis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.002","article-title":"Role of optimizing testosterone before microdissection testicular sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"188","author":"Reifsnyder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11485.x","article-title":"Optimization of spermatogenesis-regulating hormones in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and its impact on sperm retrieval: a multicentre study","volume":"111","author":"Hussein","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac016","article-title":"Does hormonal therapy improve sperm retrieval rates in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Tharakan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.019","article-title":"Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00141.x","article-title":"The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin-based hormonal therapy on intratesticular testosterone levels and spermatogonial DNA synthesis in men with non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"1","author":"Shinjo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der404","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"27","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.141","article-title":"Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: an update","volume":"15","author":"Dabaja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.07.012","article-title":"Paternal obesity negatively affects male fertility and assisted reproduction outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib27","first-page":"e503","article-title":"PD18-04 Prospective validation of an epigenetic sperm quality test for men seeking fertility care","volume":"209","author":"Brogaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00182.x","article-title":"Inhibin B concentration is predictive for long-term azoospermia in men treated for testicular cancer","volume":"2","author":"Isaksson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib29","first-page":"263","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma patients: a retrospective study of semen quality before and after different chemotherapy regimens","volume":"31","author":"Paoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del167","article-title":"Effect of chemo- or radiotherapy on sperm parameters of testicular cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"Gandini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-015-0232-6","article-title":"Testicular function among testicular cancer survivors treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Namekawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.10.001","article-title":"Impact of Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their treatments on sperm aneuploidy: a prospective study by the French CECOS network","volume":"107","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz028","article-title":"Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Corona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_5_17","article-title":"Predictive value of FSH, testicular volume, and histopathological findings for the sperm retrieval rate of microdissection TESE in nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02529-4","article-title":"Predictors of surgical sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia: summary of current literature","volume":"52","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030387","article-title":"Hormonal treatment of men with nonobstructive azoospermia: what does the evidence suggest?","volume":"10","author":"Caroppo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13441","article-title":"Parameters predicting sperm retrieval rates during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"51","author":"Kizilkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_36_18","article-title":"Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: overall results and impact of preoperative testosterone level on sperm retrieval rate in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"11","author":"Mehmood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00934-1","article-title":"Gonadotropins treatment prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia: a single-center cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502822300585X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502822300585X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:40:00Z","timestamp":1758012000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001502822300585X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S001502822300585X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Should a negative microsurgical testicular sperm extraction be repeated routinely?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.05.167","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92023 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}