{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:19:33Z","timestamp":1780319973422,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD100529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD100529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD101852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD101852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD109286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD109286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1702156160000},"page":"669-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Therapeutic effects of in\u00a0vivo administration of an inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (680c91) for the treatment of fibroids: a preclinical study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsai-Der","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhu","family":"Ton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5899-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn","family":"Rysling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Quintanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drake","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Khorram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt058","article-title":"Proceedings from the Third National Institutes of Health International Congress on Advances in Uterine Leiomyoma Research: comprehensive review, conference summary and future recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Segars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.43","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.081","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolism is dysregulated in leiomyomas","volume":"116","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib5","first-page":"392","article-title":"Further characterization of tryptophan metabolism and its dysregulation in fibroids","volume":"3","author":"Chuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"F S Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.11.007","article-title":"Targeting the IDO1\/TDO2-KYN-AhR Pathway for cancer immunotherapy \u2013 challenges and opportunities","volume":"39","author":"Cheong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00852-y","article-title":"Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-2 in uterine leiomyoma: dysregulation by MED12 mutation status","volume":"29","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib8","first-page":"24","article-title":"The influence of race\/ethnicity on the transcriptomic landscape of uterine fibroids","author":"Chuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib9","first-page":"24","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of long-term administration of tranilast in an animal model for the treatment of fibroids","author":"Chuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1225","article-title":"Progesterone is essential for maintenance and growth of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"151","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313650110","article-title":"Paracrine activation of WNT\/beta-catenin pathway in uterine leiomyoma stem cells promotes tumor growth","volume":"110","author":"Ono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011394","article-title":"L-kynurenine\/aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway mediates brain damage after experimental stroke","volume":"130","author":"Cuartero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043742","article-title":"Differential expression of MED12-associated coding RNA transcripts in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"24","author":"Chuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.04.012","article-title":"A high-throughput open-array qPCR gene panel to identify housekeeping genes suitable for myometrium and leiomyoma expression analysis","volume":"134","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.024","article-title":"Functional role of the long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript in leiomyoma pathogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.12.002","article-title":"Tranilast induces MiR-200c expression through blockade of RelA\/p65 activity in leiomyoma smooth muscle cells","volume":"113","author":"Chuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116682878","article-title":"Tranilast inhibits genes functionally involved in cell proliferation, fibrosis, and epigenetic regulation and epigenetically induces miR-29c expression in leiomyoma cells","volume":"24","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1324","article-title":"Cross-talk between miR-29c and transforming growth factor-\u03b23 is mediated by an epigenetic mechanism in leiomyoma","volume":"112","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab186","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab186","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MIAT modulates the extracellular matrix deposition in leiomyomas by sponging MiR-29 family","volume":"162","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236008","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory disease","volume":"20","author":"Kany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118768692","article-title":"Regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins by microRNAs in uterine leiomyoma","volume":"26","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib22","first-page":"10","article-title":"Fibronectin: molecular structure, fibrillar structure and mechanochemical signaling","author":"Dalton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-009-0072-4","article-title":"SPARC: a matricellular regulator of tumorigenesis","volume":"3","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvg075","article-title":"Critical enhancer region to which AhR\/ARNT and Sp1 bind in the human CYP1B1 gene","volume":"133","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153653","article-title":"bHLH-PAS Proteins: their structure and intrinsic disorder","volume":"20","author":"Kolonko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113741","article-title":"Regulation of Skin barrier function via competition between AHR axis versus IL-13\/IL-4\u2012JAK\u2012STAT6\/STAT3 axis: pathogenic and therapeutic implications in atopic dermatitis","volume":"9","author":"Furue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib27","first-page":"132","article-title":"Human \u03b2-defensin-3 attenuates atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through autophagy activation and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140599","article-title":"Autophagy-related neurotoxicity is mediated via AHR and CAR in mouse neurons exposed to DDE","volume":"742","author":"Wnuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114772","article-title":"Alpinetin improves intestinal barrier homeostasis via regulating AhR\/suv39h1\/TSC2\/mTORC1\/autophagy pathway","volume":"384","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.03.013","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic effects of AhR activation in inflammatory dendritic cells","volume":"246","author":"Bankoti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib31","first-page":"21","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor connects inflammation to breast cancer","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.774845","article-title":"Cyclin E\/CDK2: DNA replication, replication stress and genomic instability","volume":"9","author":"Fagundes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2016.02.001","article-title":"E2F1 transcription factor and its impact on growth factor and cytokine signaling","volume":"31","author":"Ertosun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29013","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404315200","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor displaces p300 from E2F-dependent promoters and represses S phase-specific gene expression","volume":"279","author":"Marlowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-04-0359","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor binds to E2F1 and inhibits E2F1-induced apoptosis","volume":"19","author":"Marlowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00981-4","article-title":"Differential expression of super-enhancer-associated long non-coding RNAs in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"29","author":"Chuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.04.037","article-title":"SPARC upregulates MT1-MMP expression, MMP-2 activation, and the secretion and cleavage of galectin-3 in U87MG glioma cells","volume":"419","author":"McClung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.00188.x","article-title":"SPARC stimulates the synthesis of OPG\/OCIF, MMP-2 and DNA in human periodontal ligament cells","volume":"31","author":"Fujita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.147099","article-title":"Role of AHR, NF-kB and CYP1A1 crosstalk with the X protein of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"853","author":"Celik-Turgut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101662","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in aging-related tissue fibrosis","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.064246","article-title":"Indole and tryptophan metabolism: endogenous and dietary routes to Ah receptor activation","volume":"43","author":"Hubbard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67577-0_9","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolism and cancer immunotherapy targeting IDO mediated immune suppression","volume":"1036","author":"Amobi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01801","article-title":"Limitations and off-target effects of tryptophan-related IDO inhibitors in cancer treatment","volume":"10","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbaexp.2007.07.002","article-title":"HDAC1 bound to the Cyp1a1 promoter blocks histone acetylation associated with Ah receptor-mediated trans-activation","volume":"1769","author":"Schnekenburger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acetabulum"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028223020733?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028223020733?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1773806640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028223020733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028223020733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic effects of in\u00a0vivo administration of an inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (680c91) for the treatment of fibroids: a preclinical study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92023 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}