{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:45:56Z","timestamp":1792683956580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017653","name":"Fonds Sp\u00e9ciaux de Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fund for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T.0077.14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T.0077.14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T12:03:17Z","timestamp":1709640197000},"page":"6-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Pathogenesis of uterine fibroids: current understanding and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Madeleine","family":"Dolmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Petraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Catherino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2528-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques","family":"Donnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.06.004","article-title":"Menstruation: science and society","volume":"223","author":"Critchley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib2","first-page":"22665","article-title":"Uterine fibroid management: from the present to the future","author":"Donnez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1411029","article-title":"Clinical practice. Uterine fibroids","volume":"372","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h4887","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4887","article-title":"Fibroids: diagnosis and management","volume":"51","author":"Lumsden","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002","article-title":"Incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of uterine fibroids","volume":"22","author":"Okolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.05.017","article-title":"Hormone therapy for intramural myoma-related infertility from ulipristal acetate to GnRH antagonist: a review","volume":"41","author":"Donnez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.04.040","article-title":"Ulipristal acetate for the management of large uterine fibroids associated with heavy bleeding: a review","volume":"37","author":"Donnez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.02.020","article-title":"Health care resource use for uterine fibroid tumors in the United States","volume":"195","author":"Flynn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194389","article-title":"Conservative management of uterine fibroid-related heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility: time for a deeper mechanistic understanding and an individualized approach","volume":"10","author":"Dolmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.081","article-title":"Myometrial cells undergo fibrotic transformation under the influence of transforming growth factor beta-3","volume":"93","author":"Joseph","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.015","article-title":"Hormones and pathogenesis of uterine fibroids","volume":"34","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20079","article-title":"Involvement of fumarate hydratase in nonsyndromic uterine leiomyomas: genetic linkage analysis and FISH studies","volume":"41","author":"Gross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474.e1-11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.057","article-title":"Mechanical homeostasis is altered in uterine leiomyoma","volume":"198","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx032","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in uterine leiomyoma pathogenesis: a potential target for future therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109343310","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta3 regulates the versican variants in the extracellular matrix-rich uterine leiomyomas","volume":"16","author":"Norian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr031","article-title":"Growth factors and myometrium: biological effects in uterine fibroid and possible clinical implications","volume":"17","author":"Ciarmela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.12.022","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in uterine fibroids: implication in activin A pro-fibrotic effect","volume":"115","author":"Bernacchioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11030345","article-title":"Conversion of stem cells to cancer stem cells: undercurrent of cancer initiation","volume":"11","author":"Afify","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2519","article-title":"Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors expands murine myometrial stem cell compartment as a prerequisite to leiomyoma tumorigenesis","volume":"35","author":"Mas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808188105","article-title":"Growth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black and white women","volume":"105","author":"Peddada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.09.005","article-title":"The changing prevalence of infertility","volume":"123","author":"Petraglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.09.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids","volume":"46","author":"Pavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00534-6","article-title":"Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race","volume":"90","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh309","article-title":"Risk of uterine leiomyomata in relation to tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption in the Black Women's Health Study","volume":"19","author":"Wise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib23","first-page":"16","article-title":"Uterine Fibroids: Hiding in Plain Sight","volume":"37","author":"Stewart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.008","article-title":"The health disparities of uterine fibroid tumors for African American women: a public health issue","volume":"210","author":"Eltoukhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000054360.61254.27","article-title":"Why is parity protective for uterine fibroids","volume":"14","author":"Baird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000158742.11877.99","article-title":"Influence of body size and body fat distribution on risk of uterine leiomyomata in U.S. black women","volume":"16","author":"Wise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000164","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: from menarche to menopause","volume":"59","author":"Wise","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib28","first-page":"200","article-title":"Myomectomy: reccurence after removal of solitary and multiple myomas","volume":"34","author":"Malone","year":"1969","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.06.041","article-title":"With the advent of selective progesterone receptor modulators, what is the place of myoma surgery in current practice","volume":"102","author":"Donnez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.044","article-title":"The role of progesterone signaling in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"358","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.03.007","article-title":"Complex networks of multiple factors in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"100","author":"Islam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.02.008","article-title":"Long-term treatment of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate","volume":"101","author":"Donnez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.015","article-title":"Hormones and pathogenesis of uterine fibroids","volume":"34","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1251477","article-title":"New directions in the epidemiology of uterine fibroids","volume":"28","author":"Laughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi072","article-title":"A prospective study of hypertension and risk of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"161","author":"Boynton-Jarrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000114250","article-title":"Relationship between metabolic syndrome and uterine leiomyomas: a case-control study","volume":"66","author":"Takeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.09.044","article-title":"Organochlorines and endometriosis: a mini-review","volume":"71","author":"Heilier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab039","article-title":"Comprehensive review of uterine fibroids: developmental origin, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302736","article-title":"Characterization of uterine leiomyomas by whole-genome sequencing","volume":"369","author":"Mehine","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81534","article-title":"Med12 gain-of-function mutation causes leiomyomas and genomic instability","volume":"125","author":"Mittal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.06.050","article-title":"Genomics of uterine leiomyomas: insights from high-throughput sequencing","volume":"102","author":"Mehine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.33","article-title":"MED12 exon 2 mutations in histopathological uterine leiomyoma variants","volume":"21","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208930","article-title":"MED12, the mediator complex subunit 12 gene, is mutated at high frequency in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"334","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00473-x","article-title":"Frequency of MED12 mutation in relation to tumor and patient's clinical characteristics: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3943-8","article-title":"The study of MED12 gene mutations in uterine leiomyomas from Iranian patients","volume":"37","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.04.023","article-title":"MED12 and uterine smooth muscle oncogenesis: state of the art and perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Croce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.06.040","article-title":"MED12 mutation frequency in unselected sporadic uterine leiomyomas","volume":"102","author":"Heinonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000096","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: do we deal with more than one disease?","volume":"33","author":"Markowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12039","article-title":"Prevalence of MED12 mutations in uterine and extrauterine smooth muscle tumours","volume":"62","author":"Matsubara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040015","article-title":"MED12 alterations in both human benign and malignant uterine soft tissue tumors","volume":"7","author":"P\u00e9rot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28900","article-title":"Molecular analyses of 6 different types of uterine smooth muscle tumors: emphasis in atypical leiomyoma","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa187","article-title":"Systematic molecular and clinical analysis of uterine leiomyomas from fertile-aged women undergoing myomectomy","volume":"35","author":"\u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01199-0","article-title":"Multiple clinical characteristics separate MED12-mutation-positive and -negative uterine leiomyomas","volume":"7","author":"Heinonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607205","article-title":"Origin of uterine fibroids: conversion of myometrial stem cells to tumor-initiating cells","volume":"35","author":"Elkafas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010013","article-title":"Perturbation of nuclear hormone receptors by endocrine disrupting chemicals: mechanisms and pathological consequences of exposure","volume":"9","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110665","article-title":"Nuclear receptors are the major targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals","volume":"502","author":"Toporova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac008","article-title":"Epigenomic and enhancer dysregulation in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"28","author":"Mlodawska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0364-8","article-title":"MicroRNA 21a-5p overexpression impacts mediators of extracellular matrix formation in uterine leiomyoma","volume":"16","author":"Cardozo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.05.040","article-title":"Role of microRNA-21 and programmed cell death 4 in the pathogenesis of human uterine leiomyomas","volume":"98","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1763","article-title":"Down-regulation of miR-29b is essential for pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"155","author":"Qiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.07.001","article-title":"Biology and mechanisms of action of the vitamin D hormone","volume":"46","author":"Pike","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E754","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2131","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces TGF-beta3-induced fibrosis-related gene expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells","volume":"96","author":"Halder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1041","article-title":"Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via catechol-O-methyltransferase","volume":"95","author":"Sharan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5698","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005698","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D and \"small burden\" uterine fibroids: opportunity for a vitamin D supplementation","volume":"95","author":"Ciavattini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101159","article-title":"Effect of oral consumption of vitamin D on uterine fibroids: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Arjeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-01011-z","article-title":"A systematic review of vitamin D and fibroids: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Combs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01779-7","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing study of the effect of transabdominal hysterectomy on intestinal flora in patients with uterine fibroids","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-253","article-title":"Fecal microbial determinants of fecal and systemic estrogens and estrogen metabolites: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.034","article-title":"Endometrial microbiota-new player in town","volume":"108","author":"Moreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.003","article-title":"Review: maternal health and the placental microbiome","volume":"54","author":"Pelzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607264","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: burden and unmet medical need","volume":"35","author":"Al-Hendy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.08.011","article-title":"Uterine disorders and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"118","author":"Donnez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115972","article-title":"Evidence-based approach for secondary prevention of uterine fibroids (The ESCAPE Approach)","volume":"24","author":"Vafaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028224001699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028224001699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1762150746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028224001699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028224001699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathogenesis of uterine fibroids: current understanding and future directions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92024 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}