{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:44:27Z","timestamp":1794278667298,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","fertstert.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T21:50:28Z","timestamp":1715118628000},"page":"20-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The modern management of uterine fibroids-related abnormal uterine bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5790-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Vannuccini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Petraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Calaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Chapron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib1","first-page":"6","volume":"12","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13102","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of uterine fibroids","volume":"149","author":"Giuliani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.43","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12666","article-title":"The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions","volume":"143","author":"Munro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intl J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib6","series-title":"2021 Exceptional surveillance of heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management (NICE guideline NG88)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.03.019","article-title":"The direct and indirect costs of uterine fibroid tumors: a systematic review of the literature between 2000 and 2013","volume":"213","author":"Soliman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197958","article-title":"Investigating the loss of work productivity due to symptomatic leiomyoma","volume":"13","author":"Hasselrot","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8983","article-title":"Health care costs and treatment patterns associated with uterine fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding: a claims analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607264","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: burden and unmet medical need","volume":"35","author":"Al-Hendy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.12.013","article-title":"Inpatient hospitalization for gynecologic disorders in the United States","volume":"202","author":"Whiteman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.09.039","article-title":"A US population-based study of uterine fibroid diagnosis incidence, trends, and prevalence: 2005 through 2014","volume":"219","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.023","article-title":"Severe anemia from heavy menstrual bleeding requires heightened attention","volume":"213","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.08.011","article-title":"Uterine disorders and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"118","author":"Donnez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.07.021","article-title":"From menarche to menopause, heavy menstrual bleeding is the underrated compass in reproductive health","volume":"118","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.01.017","article-title":"The relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"229","author":"Munro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-01126-3","article-title":"Uterine fibroids, perceived stress, and menstrual distress: a key role of heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"30","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7076","article-title":"Burden, prevalence, and treatment of uterine fibroids: a survey of U.S. women","volume":"27","author":"Marsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.017","article-title":"The impact of uterine leiomyomas: a national survey of affected women","volume":"209","author":"Borah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw023","article-title":"Uterine fibroid management: from the present to the future","volume":"22","author":"Donnez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194389","article-title":"Conservative management of uterine fibroid-related heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility: time for a deeper mechanistic understanding and an individualized approach","volume":"10","author":"Dolmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00629-4","article-title":"Uterine bleeding: how understanding endometrial physiology underpins menstrual health","volume":"18","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.633180","article-title":"Understanding the impact of uterine fibroids on human endometrium function","volume":"9","author":"Navarro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7011","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087011","article-title":"Endometrial angiogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility in patients with uterine fibroids\u2014a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Don","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2019","article-title":"Physiology of the endometrium and regulation of menstruation","volume":"100","author":"Critchley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016","article-title":"Role of medical management for uterine leiomyomas","volume":"34","author":"Kashani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib27","first-page":"4","article-title":"The efficacy of medical management of leiomyoma-associated heavy menstrual bleeding: a mini review","volume":"5","author":"Barseghyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051479","article-title":"The evolving role of natural compounds in the medical treatment of uterine fibroids","volume":"9","author":"Ciebiera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab039","article-title":"Comprehensive review of uterine fibroids: developmental origin, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1041","article-title":"Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via catechol-O-methyltransferase","volume":"95","author":"Sharan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101159","article-title":"Effect of oral consumption of vitamin D on uterine fibroids: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Arjeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib32","first-page":"477","article-title":"Treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with green tea extract: a pilot randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Roshdy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1991909","article-title":"Vitamin D and green tea extracts for the treatment of uterine fibroids in late reproductive life: a pilot, prospective, daily-diary based study","volume":"38","author":"Grandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib34","first-page":"CD000400","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding","author":"Lethaby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib35","first-page":"413","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: efficacy and safety","volume":"4","author":"Leminen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14947","article-title":"Therapeutic options for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"162","author":"MacGregor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04530-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of preoperative tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Shalaby","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f20177","article-title":"Tranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Lukes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib39","first-page":"CD000249","article-title":"Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"4","author":"Bryant-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1024210","article-title":"Comparison of combined hormonal vaginal ring with ultralow-dose combined oral contraceptive pills in the management of heavy menstrual bleeding: A pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182118ac3","article-title":"Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der224","article-title":"Effective treatment of heavy and\/or prolonged menstrual bleeding with an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized, double-blind Phase III trial","volume":"26","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.11.011","article-title":"Normalization of blood loss in women with heavy menstrual bleeding treated with an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate\/dienogest","volume":"86","author":"Fraser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.001","article-title":"Pooled analysis of two randomized, open-label studies comparing the effects of nomegestrol acetate\/17\u03b2-estradiol and drospirenone\/ethinyl estradiol on bleeding patterns in healthy women","volume":"95","author":"Mansour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1043","article-title":"Progesterone action in endometrial cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1225","article-title":"Progesterone is essential for maintenance and growth of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"151","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123948","article-title":"Uterine fibroids and progestogen treatment: lack of evidence of its efficacy: a review","volume":"9","author":"Donnez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib48","first-page":"CD001016","article-title":"Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding","author":"Lethaby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib49","first-page":"CD013180","article-title":"Interventions for heavy menstrual bleeding; overview of Cochrane reviews and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bofill Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1334198","article-title":"Non-contraceptive benefits of intrauterine levonorgestrel administration: why not?","volume":"33","author":"Sabbioni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.614028","article-title":"Levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system for the treatment of menorrhagia and\/or frequent irregular uterine bleeding associated with uterine leiomyoma","volume":"16","author":"Socolov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00175-4","article-title":"Use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system to treat bleeding related to uterine leiomyomas","volume":"79","author":"Grigorieva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.08.009","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroid-related menorrhagia","volume":"112","author":"Sayed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14383","article-title":"Medical therapies for heavy menstrual bleeding in women with uterine fibroids: a retrospective analysis of a large commercially insured population in the USA","volume":"124","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog1826.2015","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device use as an alternative to surgical therapy for uterine leiomyoma","volume":"42","author":"Senol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4274\/jtgga.galenos.2023.2022-12-12","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device to treat abnormal uterine bleeding; not one treatment option fits all","volume":"24","author":"Atak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa012","article-title":"Selective progesterone receptor modulators-mechanisms and therapeutic utility","volume":"41","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103180","article-title":"Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids","volume":"366","author":"Donnez","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103182","article-title":"Ulipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgery","volume":"366","author":"Donnez","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.02.008","article-title":"Long-term treatment of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate \u22c6","volume":"101","author":"Donnez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.044","article-title":"Liver injury and ulipristal acetate: an overstated tragedy?","volume":"110","author":"Donnez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.08.039","article-title":"Effects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausal women: a meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib63","first-page":"CD007687","article-title":"Mifepristone for uterine fibroids","volume":"2012","author":"Tristan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib64","first-page":"CD005287","article-title":"Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterine leiomyomas","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04761-1","article-title":"Successful treatment of a symptomatic uterine leiomyoma in a perimenopausal woman with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor","volume":"79","author":"Shozu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib66","first-page":"CD009505","article-title":"Aromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroids","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225110-00002","article-title":"A benefit-risk assessment of medical treatment for uterine leiomyomas","volume":"25","author":"De Leo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq240","article-title":"Cell proliferation effect of GnRH agonist on pathological lesions of women with endometriosis, adenomyosis and uterine myoma","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2023.2248890","article-title":"GnRH agonists and antagonists in therapy of symptomatic uterine fibroids \u2013 current roles and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Ciebiera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib70","first-page":"46","article-title":"GnRH analogs for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids","volume":"4","author":"Madueke-Laveaux","year":"2023","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2414609","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacologic Management of Uterine Leiomyoma","volume":"2018","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib72","article-title":"Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids","volume":"11","author":"Lethaby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186158","article-title":"Pre-treatment with GnRHa or ulipristal acetate prior to laparoscopic and laparotomic myomectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"de Milliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.06.018","article-title":"Three-month treatment with triptorelin, letrozole and ulipristal acetate before hysteroscopic resection of uterine myomas: prospective comparative pilot study","volume":"192","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib75","article-title":"Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib76","first-page":"e100","article-title":"Number 228","volume":"137","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1900726","article-title":"Elagolix in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids in premenopausal women","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.028","article-title":"Fibroids and medical therapy: bridging the gap from selective progesterone receptor modulators to gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist","volume":"114","author":"Donnez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz086","article-title":"Elagolix suppresses ovulation in a dose-dependent manner: results from a 3-month, randomized study in ovulatory women","volume":"105","author":"Archer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904351","article-title":"Elagolix for heavy menstrual bleeding in women with uterine fibroids","volume":"382","author":"Schlaff","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003869","article-title":"Elagolix treatment for up to 12 months in women with heavy menstrual bleeding and uterine leiomyomas","volume":"135","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib82","first-page":"338","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of elagolix with add-back therapy in women with uterine fibroids and coexisting adenomyosis","volume":"2","author":"Muneyyirci-Delale","year":"2021","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008283","article-title":"Treatment of uterine fibroid symptoms with Relugolix Combination Therapy","volume":"384","author":"Al-Hendy","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004988","article-title":"Long-term relugolix combination therapy for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas","volume":"140","author":"Al-Hendy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.08.030","article-title":"LIBERTY randomized withdrawal study: relugolix combination therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids","volume":"229","author":"Al-Hendy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.10.030","article-title":"Relugolix combination therapy in Black\/African American women with symptomatic uterine fibroids: LIBERTY long-term extension study","volume":"230","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01475-1","article-title":"Linzagolix with and without hormonal add-back therapy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: two randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"400","author":"Donnez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.15.89","article-title":"Surgical treatment of fibroids in heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"12","author":"Saridogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000903","article-title":"Surgical management of uterine fibroids","volume":"35","author":"Lazaridis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib90","unstructured":"Capezzuoli T, Aslan B, Vannuccini S, Orlandi G, La Torre F, Sorbi F, et\u00a0al. Recurrence of uterine fibroids after conservative surgery or radiological procedures: a narrative review. Reprod Sci. In press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.09.038","article-title":"Submucosal fibroids and the relation to heavy menstrual bleeding and anemia","volume":"210","author":"Puri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.03.014","article-title":"Hysteroscopy and the treatment of uterine fibroids","volume":"29","author":"Emanuel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000287","article-title":"Hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding and fibroids","volume":"60","author":"Valentine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003354","article-title":"Short-term health-related quality of life after hysterectomy compared with myomectomy for symptomatic leiomyomas","volume":"134","author":"Nicholson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.09.052","article-title":"Short-term quality of life after myomectomy for uterine fibroids from the COMPARE-UF Fibroid Registry","volume":"222","author":"Laughlin-Tommaso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.07.023","article-title":"Quality of life after laparoscopic and open abdominal myomectomy","volume":"28","author":"Rodriguez-Triana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318292aea4","article-title":"Contributions of hysterectomy and uterus-preserving surgery to health-related quality of life","volume":"122","author":"Kuppermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.05.020","article-title":"Long-term health-related quality of life and symptom severity following hysterectomy, myomectomy, or uterine artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids","volume":"229","author":"Anchan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002112","article-title":"choosing the route of hysterectomy for benign disease","volume":"129","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2018.1446943","article-title":"Emerging treatment options for uterine fibroids","volume":"23","author":"Donnez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.15.78","article-title":"Uterine artery embolization for heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"12","author":"Moss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.10.017","article-title":"Five-year clinical outcomes of uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomas: An analysis of risk factors for reintervention","volume":"109","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0485-y","article-title":"Randomized comparison of uterine artery embolization (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): subanalysis of 5-year MRI findings","volume":"36","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib104","article-title":"Management of uterine fibroids. Rockville (MD)","author":"Hartmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1914735","article-title":"Uterine-Artery Embolization or Myomectomy for Uterine Fibroids","volume":"383","author":"Manyonda","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14626","article-title":"Effects on heavy menstrual bleeding and pregnancy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) or myomectomy for women with uterine fibroids wishing to avoid hysterectomy: The FEMME randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Sirkeci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib107","first-page":"CD005073","article-title":"Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine fibroids","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.11.033","article-title":"Reintervention risk and quality of life outcomes after uterine-sparing interventions for fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Sandberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24994-w","article-title":"Improvement of fibroid-associated symptoms and quality of life after US-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) of uterine fibroids","volume":"12","author":"Tonguc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09984-4","article-title":"What predicts durable symptom relief of uterine fibroids treated with MRI-guided focused ultrasound? A multicenter trial in 8 academic centers","volume":"33","author":"Bitton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.032","article-title":"FIRSTT study: randomized controlled trial of uterine artery embolization vs focused ultrasound surgery","volume":"220","author":"Laughlin-Tommaso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770734","article-title":"Updates on the surgical approach to fibroids: the importance of radiofrequency ablation","volume":"40","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3713","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia in women across the life span","volume":"21","author":"Friedman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.007","article-title":"Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in women","volume":"40","author":"Percy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.06.004","article-title":"Menstruation: science and society","volume":"223","author":"Critchley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32718-5","article-title":"Menstruation should not be overlooked in control of anaemia","volume":"397","author":"Critchley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.018","article-title":"Risks of preoperative anemia in women undergoing elective hysterectomy and myomectomy","volume":"221","author":"Murji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01564-y","article-title":"A review of clinical guidelines on the management of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in women with heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"38","author":"Mansour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib119","article-title":"Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia","volume":"12","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq034","article-title":"Characteristics indicating adenomyosis coexisting with leiomyomas: a case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Taran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.09.038","article-title":"Clinical characteristics indicating adenomyosis coexisting with leiomyomas: a retrospective, questionnaire-based study","volume":"101","author":"Brucker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12905","article-title":"Differences in clinical characteristics for the determination of adenomyosis coexisting with leiomyomas","volume":"42","author":"Ates","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001438","article-title":"Uterine fibroids in menopause and perimenopause","volume":"27","author":"Ulin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028224002759?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028224002759?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T06:37:13Z","timestamp":1718606233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028224002759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028224002759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The modern management of uterine fibroids-related abnormal uterine bleeding","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}