{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:16:09Z","timestamp":1774678569157,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T15:35:50Z","timestamp":1403019350000},"page":"168-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inactivation of avirulent pgm+ and \u0394pgm Yersinia pestis by ultraviolet light (UV-C)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"George C.","family":"Paoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. Joseph","family":"Scullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandi","family":"Wijey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib1","series-title":"Microbial Risk Assessment Guideline: Pathogenic Microogranisms with Focus on Food and Water","author":"Anonymous","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib2","series-title":"Select Agents and Toxins. Title 42: Public Health. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 73","author":"Anonymous","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X65161","article-title":"A\u00a012-case outbreak of pharyngeal plague following the consumption of camel meat, in north\u2013eastern Jordan","volume":"99","author":"Arbaji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Isolation and confirmation of Yersinia pestis mutants exempt from select agent regulations","author":"Bearden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.026","article-title":"Effect of fat in ground beef on the growth and virulence plasmid (pYV) stability in Yersinia pestis","volume":"136","author":"Bhaduri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.050081","article-title":"Plague from eating raw camel liver","volume":"11","author":"Bin Saeed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50225-X","article-title":"The application of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation to control transmission of airborne disease: bioterrorism countermeasure","volume":"118","author":"Brickner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib8","first-page":"1733","article-title":"UV-C inactivation in Escherichia coli is affected by growth conditions preceding irradiation, in particular by the specific growth rate","volume":"109","author":"Bucheli-Witschel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4851-4861.1999","article-title":"The 102-kilobase pgm locus of Yersinia pestis: sequence analysis and comparison of selected regions among different Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains","volume":"67","author":"Buchrieser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.2.375-378.1987","article-title":"Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica to UV radiation","volume":"53","author":"Butler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11289.x","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium displays cyclical patterns of sensitivity to UV-C killing during prolonged incubation in the stationary phase of growth","volume":"213","author":"Child","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.6.724","article-title":"Plague in camels and oats: their role in human epidemics","volume":"141","author":"Christie","year":"1980","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2004.04.006","article-title":"Effect of growth phase on the Escherichia coli response to ultraviolet-A radiation: influence of conditioned media, hydrogen peroxide and acetate","volume":"75","author":"Dantur","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib14","series-title":"Safety of Irradiated Food","author":"Diehl","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00178-X","article-title":"Bacterial gene products in response to near-ultraviolet radiation","volume":"422","author":"Eisenstark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2010.00224.x","article-title":"Behavior of avirulent Yersinia pestis in liquid whole egg as affected by storage temperature, antimicrobials and thermal pasteurization","volume":"30","author":"Gurtler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.16.4896-4904.1999","article-title":"High-frequency RecA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of Congo Red binding mutations in Yersinia pestis","volume":"181","author":"Hare","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.10175","article-title":"The mechanisms of UV mutagenesis","volume":"52","author":"Ikehata","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib19","first-page":"24","article-title":"UV-C light for processing foods","volume":"8","author":"Koutchma","year":"2008","journal-title":"IUVA News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib20","series-title":"Microbial Inactivation by UV Light, Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology","first-page":"69","author":"Koutchma","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Yersinia pestis in Afghanistan","volume":"139","author":"Leslie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00213.x","article-title":"Stationary phase in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"34","author":"Navarro Llorens","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4611-4623.1998","article-title":"DNA sequencing and analysis of the low-Ca2+-response plasmid pCD1 of Yersinia pestis KIM5","volume":"66","author":"Perry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6435-6443.2004","article-title":"Survival of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 after UV radiation exposure","volume":"70","author":"Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02180-08","article-title":"UV light inactivation of bacterial biothreat agents","volume":"75","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/656244","article-title":"Room decontamination with UV radiation","volume":"31","author":"Rutala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States\u2014major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2198","article-title":"Lessons from 50 years of SOS DNA-damage-induced mutagenesis","volume":"8","author":"Schlacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/fmic.2001.0409","article-title":"Loss of crystal violet binding activity in stationary phase Yersinia enterocolitica following gamma irradiation","volume":"18","author":"Sommers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.4.755","article-title":"Inactivation of avirulent Yersinia pestis in Butterfield's phosphate buffer and frankfurters by UVC (254 nm) and gamma radiation","volume":"72","author":"Sommers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-65.3.556","article-title":"Radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"65","author":"Sommers","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib32","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Inactivation of Francisella tularensis Utah-112 on food and food contact surfaces by ultraviolet light","author":"Sommers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Food Process Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.18.5.834-837.1969","article-title":"Congo Red-agar plating medium for detecting pigmentation in Pasteurella pestis","volume":"18","author":"Surgalla","year":"1969","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib34","first-page":"34","article-title":"Protecting the food supply","volume":"60","author":"Takhistov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1139\/W09-060","article-title":"A\u00a0refrigeration temperature of 4C does not prevent static growth of Yersinia pestis in heart infusion broth","volume":"55","author":"Torosian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a07","key":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002_bib36","first-page":"S142","article-title":"Design and development of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation device for controlling airborne bacteria in the workplace","volume":"9","author":"Yoosook","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Assoc. Thail."}],"container-title":["Food Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740002014001385?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740002014001385?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T20:08:19Z","timestamp":1716840499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740002014001385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0740002014001385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-0020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-0020","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inactivation of avirulent pgm+ and \u0394pgm Yersinia pestis by ultraviolet light (UV-C)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}