{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:53:31Z","timestamp":1786989211031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:47:20Z","timestamp":1747190840000},"page":"1845-1859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nano-oncology revisited: Insights on precise therapeutic advances and challenges in tumor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1623-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesheng","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b05108","article-title":"Nanotechnology strategies to advance outcomes in clinical cancer care","volume":"12","author":"Hartshorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0002","first-page":"97","article-title":"Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and imaging","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2017.05.002","article-title":"Targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics: Towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance","volume":"31","author":"Bar-Zeev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210217","article-title":"mRNA nanomedicine: Design and recent applications","volume":"2","author":"Kubiatowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8606","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA07863E","article-title":"Cancer nanomedicine: A review of nano-therapeutics and challenges ahead","volume":"13","author":"Nirmala","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00629","article-title":"The recent advance of cell-penetrating and tumor-targeting peptides as drug delivery systems based on tumor microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132601","article-title":"Approaches to improve macromolecule and nanoparticle accumulation in the tumor microenvironment by the enhanced permeability and retention effect","volume":"14","author":"Ejigah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6877","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01005","article-title":"Enhanced intracellular transcytosis of nanoparticles by degrading extracellular matrix for deep tissue radiotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c01179","article-title":"Detachable dual-targeting nanoparticles for improving the antitumor effect by extracellular matrix depletion","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.02.002","article-title":"Recent advances in tumor microenvironment-targeted nanomedicine delivery approaches to overcome limitations of immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy","volume":"332","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42972-2","article-title":"Nanomedicine-based co-delivery of a calcium channel inhibitor and a small molecule targeting CD47 for lung cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153836","article-title":"Cancer bioenergetics and tumor microenvironments\u2014Enhancing chemotherapeutics and targeting resistant niches through nanosystems","volume":"15","author":"Farhana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ac48e4","article-title":"3D bioprinted tumor model with extracellular matrix enhanced bioinks for nanoparticle evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231170474","article-title":"The new era of prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed immunotherapies and beyond in advanced prostate cancer: A review","volume":"15","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2023.2292691","article-title":"RNA aptamer-mediated gene therapy of prostate cancer: Lessons from the past and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Arese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17078","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242317078","article-title":"Ligand recognition by the macrophage galactose-type c-type lectin: Self or non-self?\u2014A way to trick the host\u2019s immune system","volume":"24","author":"Szczykutowicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13251","article-title":"Amplifying \u201ceat me signal\u201d by immunogenic cell death for potentiating cancer immunotherapy","volume":"321","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00478","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for nuclear targeting: The effect of nanoparticle size and nuclear localization sequence density","volume":"12","author":"Tammam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121758","article-title":"Functional imaging and targeted drug delivery in mice and patient tumors with a cell nucleolus-localizing and tumor-targeting peptide","volume":"289","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NA00644D","article-title":"Chimeric nanoparticles for targeting mitochondria in cancer cells","volume":"4","author":"Bajpai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0022","article-title":"Boosting ROS-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization for cancer ferroptosis therapy","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168987","article-title":"Restoring TRAILR2\/DR5-mediated activation of apoptosis upon endoplasmic reticulum stress as a therapeutic strategy in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Mora-Molina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0024","article-title":"Novel strategies of third level (Organelle-specific) drug targeting: An innovative approach of modern therapeutics","volume":"61","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0025","article-title":"Targeted protein delivery based on stimuli-triggered nanomedicine","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exploration."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102008","article-title":"Biomimetic nanovesicles\u2014Sources, design, production methods, and applications","volume":"14","author":"Mougenot","year":"2022","journal-title":"pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201038","article-title":"A cancer cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanocarrier for synergistic photothermal\/gene therapy by efficient delivery of CRISPR\/Cas9 and gold nanorods","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120464","article-title":"Microfluidics for nanomedicines manufacturing: An affordable and low-cost 3D printing approach","volume":"599","author":"Tiboni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050969","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of mesoporous silica nanoparticles upon intravenous injection in mice: Implications for drug delivery","volume":"14","author":"MacCuaig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-3695","article-title":"Understanding drug sensitivity and tackling resistance in cancer","volume":"82","author":"Tyner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01310-1","article-title":"Molecular bottlebrush prodrugs as mono- and triplex combination therapies for multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Detappe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5564","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AN01079H","article-title":"Quantification of drug loading in polymeric nanoparticles using AFM-IR technique: A novel method to map and evaluate drug distribution in drug nanocarriers","volume":"147","author":"Ural","year":"2022","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-01047-7","article-title":"Obstacles and opportunities in a forward vision for cancer nanomedicine","volume":"20","author":"de L\u00e1zaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132601","article-title":"Approaches to improve macromolecule and nanoparticle accumulation in the tumor microenvironment by the enhanced permeability and retention effect","volume":"14","author":"Ejigah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM00466A","article-title":"Enhanced nanoparticle accumulation by tumor-acidity-activatable release of sildenafil to induce vasodilation","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.066","article-title":"Employment of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR): Nanoparticle-based precision tools for targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agent in cancer","volume":"98","author":"Kalyane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S129300","article-title":"Protein corona: A new approach for nanomedicine design","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00210","article-title":"Regulating protein corona formation and dynamic protein exchange by controlling nanoparticle hydrophobicity","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010949","article-title":"Modeling the time evolution of the nanoparticle-protein corona in a body fluid","volume":"5","author":"Dell'Orco","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b01806","article-title":"C1q-mediated complement activation and C3 opsonization trigger recognition of stealth poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-coated silica nanoparticles by human phagocytes","volume":"12","author":"Tavano","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12458","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02041","article-title":"Identification of the proteins determining the blood circulation time of nanoparticles","volume":"17","author":"Marques","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5394","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0381","article-title":"Nanoparticle encapsulation of synergistic immune agonists enables systemic codelivery to tumor sites and ifn\u03b2-driven antitumor immunity","volume":"79","author":"Atukorale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020173","article-title":"Immunotherapy as a precision medicine tool for the treatment of prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Adamaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124441","article-title":"Innate immune cells and their contribution to T-cell-based immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Ginefra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020138","article-title":"Targeting innate immunity in cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Rameshbabu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1719","article-title":"Embracing nanomaterials' interactions with the innate immune system","volume":"13","author":"Teunissen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao1736","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao1736","article-title":"Elimination of established tumors with nanodisc-based combination chemoimmunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Kuai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0048","first-page":"2","article-title":"Editorial: Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system: Role in nanosafety and","volume":"8","author":"Boraschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine. Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202006484","article-title":"Immune cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Oroojalian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110755","article-title":"Neutrophil membranes coated, antibiotic agent loaded nanoparticles targeting to the lung inflammation","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00924","article-title":"Dendritic cells and their role in immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Gardner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01615-3","article-title":"Fine tuning of CpG spatial distribution with DNA origami for improved cancer vaccination","volume":"19","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.02.020","article-title":"Tumor target amplification: Implications for nano drug delivery systems","volume":"275","author":"Seidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.02.015","article-title":"Chemokine clouding and liver cancer heterogeneity: Does it impact clinical outcomes? Semin","volume":"86","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-021-01462-3","article-title":"ESR1 mutation as an emerging clinical biomarker in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Brett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj080112","article-title":"Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity","volume":"8","author":"Guengerich","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8651","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC02352D","article-title":"AI-based identification of therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs: Introducing ligand type classifiers and systems biology","volume":"14","author":"Gossen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147950","article-title":"Novel insights on human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors based on coumalic acid: Design, synthesis, molecular modeling investigation, and biological studies","volume":"23","author":"Pontecorvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.08.010","article-title":"Influence of sex on chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity in oesophagogastric cancer: A pooled analysis of four randomised trials","volume":"121","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b06212","article-title":"Effect of cell sex on uptake of nanoparticles: The overlooked factor at the nanobio interface","volume":"12","author":"Serpooshan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5761","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i25.5761","article-title":"Role of sex hormones in gastrointestinal motility in pregnant and non-pregnant rats","volume":"22","author":"Matos","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2001.7740","article-title":"Seasonal variations of Vitelline envelope proteins, Vitellogenin, and sex steroids in male and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)","volume":"125","author":"Joakim Larsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0063","article-title":"Effects of sex and aging on the immune cell landscape as assessed by single-cell transcriptomic analysis","volume":"118","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199709000-00033","article-title":"Dose-response and time course of effect of rocuronium in male and female anesthetized patients","volume":"85","author":"Xue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900495","article-title":"Identification of an increased alveolar macrophage subpopulation in old mice that displays unique inflammatory characteristics and is permissive to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"203","author":"Lafuse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13633","article-title":"Association of decreased expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor MARCO with tumor progression and poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0067","article-title":"Size-dependent penetration of nanoparticles in tumor spheroids: A multidimensional and quantitative study of transcellular and paracellular pathways","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/427695a","article-title":"Cancer cells compress intratumour vessels","volume":"427","author":"Padera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060571","article-title":"Recent advances in tumor targeting via EPR effect for cancer treatment","volume":"11","author":"Subhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00248-5","article-title":"Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: A review","volume":"65","author":"Maeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.45","article-title":"Normalization of tumour blood vessels improves the delivery of nanomedicines in a size-dependent manner","volume":"7","author":"Chauhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-016-0772-1","article-title":"Numerical investigation of magnetic nanoparticles distribution inside a cylindrical porous tumor considering the influences of interstitial fluid flow","volume":"116","author":"Zakariapour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transport Porous Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0073","article-title":"The influence of nanoparticle shape on protein corona formation","volume":"16","author":"Visalakshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00154-9","article-title":"The mechanisms of nanoparticle delivery to solid tumours","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioengineering."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2016.06.006","article-title":"Nanomedicine and tumor heterogeneity: Concept and complex reality","volume":"11","author":"Ekdawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.05.012","article-title":"The reversal of chemotherapy-induced multidrug resistance by nanomedicine for cancer therapy","volume":"335","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.16.5","article-title":"The effect of nanoparticle size on pharmacokinetics and cellular interaction","volume":"11","author":"Hoshyar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.107891","article-title":"Sequentially responsive size reduction and drug release of core-satellite nanoparticles to enhance tumor penetration and effective tumor suppression","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201904697","article-title":"Sequential enzyme activation of a \u201cPro-Staramine\u201d -based nanomedicine to target tumor mitochondria","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116200","article-title":"Studying the interaction of drug\/ligand with serum albumin","volume":"336","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S344208","article-title":"Predicting nanoparticle delivery to tumors using machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030868","article-title":"A review of advanced multifunctional magnetic nanostructures for cancer diagnosis and therapy integrated into an artificial intelligence approach","volume":"15","author":"Govindan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73268-0","article-title":"Utilizing machine learning and molecular dynamics for enhanced drug delivery in nanoparticle systems","volume":"14","author":"Jahandoost","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01323-4","article-title":"Machine-learning-assisted single-vessel analysis of nanoparticle permeability in tumour vasculatures","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.009","article-title":"Characterizing genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity across 2658 human cancer genomes","volume":"184","author":"Dentro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.6_suppl.545","article-title":"Prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer by molecular subtyping and antibody drug conjugate target gene quantitation: Preview of Bladder BRIDGister","volume":"41","author":"Wirtz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00897-1","article-title":"Therapeutically reprogrammed nutrient signalling enhances nanoparticulate albumin bound drug uptake and efficacy in KRAS-mutant cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00348-y","article-title":"Sex disparities matter in cancer development and therapy","volume":"21","author":"Haupt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.114890","article-title":"Amorphous silica nanoparticle-induced pulmonary inflammatory response depends on particle size and is sex-specific in rats","volume":"390","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7530","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147530","article-title":"Natural compounds for preventing age-related diseases and cancers","volume":"25","author":"Ki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9056","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204386","article-title":"Circadian rhythm-related factors of PER and CRY family genes function as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18520","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08432","article-title":"Claudin-1-targeted nanoparticles for delivery to aging-induced alterations in the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"15","author":"Bony","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0222-9","article-title":"How the ageing microenvironment influences tumour progression","volume":"20","author":"Fane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063404","article-title":"Renal cell cancer and obesity","volume":"23","author":"Gluba-Brz\u00f3zka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2917","article-title":"Distinctive lung cancer incidence trends among men and women attributable to the period effect in Shanghai: An analysis spanning 42 years","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0096","article-title":"Personalized cancer nanomedicine: Overcoming biological barriers for intracellular delivery of biopharmaceuticals","volume":"36","author":"Lopez-Estevez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13800","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CC02205F","article-title":"Nonappa, precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales","volume":"59","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0091696","article-title":"Recent advances in theory, simulations, and experiments on multiphase flows","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020313","article-title":"3D printing technologies in personalized medicine, nanomedicines, and biopharmaceuticals","volume":"15","author":"Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN02160A","article-title":"DNA origami: An outstanding platform for functions in nanophotonics and cancer therapy","volume":"146","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"}],"container-title":["Fundamental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667325825002213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667325825002213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:26:51Z","timestamp":1759346811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667325825002213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667325825002213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-3258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-3258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nano-oncology revisited: Insights on precise therapeutic advances and challenges in tumor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fundamental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.03.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}