{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:14:02Z","timestamp":1788495242688,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004352","name":"Suranaree University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Chemistry: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:41:59Z","timestamp":1786322519000},"page":"104298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative enzymatic hydrolysis of porcine tracheal cartilage generates ACE\/DPP-IV-inhibitory and antioxidant peptides with enhanced bioactivity following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and molecular docking analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rayudika Aprilia Patindra","family":"Purba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchanya","family":"Sinsranoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phanthipha","family":"Laosam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phornpilat","family":"Senanok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pichitpon","family":"Luasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornphutthachat","family":"Sota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattapol","family":"Pongsamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saranya","family":"Suwanangul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukkrapong","family":"Pinyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasikan","family":"Katemala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saruttiwong","family":"Boonkong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamonpan","family":"Sanachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papungkorn","family":"Sangsawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78893-3","article-title":"Molecular insights into the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 by hemopressin peptides","volume":"14","author":"Antony","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0010","unstructured":"AOAC. (2016). Official methods of analysis (20th ed.). Retrieved from: https:\/\/store.accuristech.com\/products?publisher_id=611&sort_direction=desc+NULLS+LAST&sort_order=edition_date accessed 27 October 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s44463-025-00030-z","article-title":"From slaughterhouse waste to functional feed: Pilot-scale bovine blood hydrolysate improves antioxidant activities and meat quality in slow-growing chickens","volume":"46","author":"Boonkong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Science of Animal Resources"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","article-title":"INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion","volume":"14","author":"Brodkorb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-025-00509-9","article-title":"From microbial proteins to cultivated meat for alternative meat-like products: A review on sustainable fermentation approaches","volume":"19","author":"Cedeno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04447A","article-title":"Recent advances in the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and encapsulation on peptide bioactivity and stability","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11302","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2236699","article-title":"Advanced review on type II collagen and peptide: Preparation, functional activities and food industry application","volume":"64","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2007.09.010","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of rawhide using papain and neutrase","volume":"14","author":"Damrongsakkul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137074","article-title":"A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from tilapia skin: Preparation, identification and its potential antihypertensive mechanism","volume":"430","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09909.x","article-title":"Influence of hydrolysis degree on the functional properties of salmon byproducts hydrolysates","volume":"69","author":"Gbogouri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E325","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25861","article-title":"Biomechanical and biochemical characterization of porcine tracheal cartilage","volume":"126","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061104","article-title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of porcine by-product collagen hydrolysates produced by commercial proteases: Effect of hydrolysis and ultrafiltration","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fnutr.2025.100039","article-title":"The ACE inhibitory activity and fibroblast proliferation of collagen peptides: Comparing amino acid composition and sequence","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00598-x","article-title":"Type II collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2025.101564","article-title":"Structure-function relationships of industrial-dried soy protein hydrolysate processing: Dual antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties with gastrointestinal-plasma stability","volume":"6","author":"Khongla","year":"2026","journal-title":"Applied Food Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020521","article-title":"Porcine-derived chondroitin sulfate sodium alleviates osteoarthritis in HTB-94 cells and MIA-induced SD rat models","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10047","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01279C","article-title":"Insights into the antibacterial activity of cottonseed protein-derived peptide against Escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137864","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of duck blood protein produces stable bioactive peptides: Pilot-scale production, identification, and stability during gastrointestinal and plasma digestion","volume":"283","author":"Laosam","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118298","article-title":"Thermally induced protein modifications in mealworm: Gastrointestinal digestibility and derived bioactive peptides with antioxidants and ACE\/DPP-IV inhibitory activities","volume":"227","author":"Laosam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101737","article-title":"Novel ACE inhibitory peptides derived from whey protein hydrolysates: Identification and molecular docking analysis","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.09.147","article-title":"Effects of alkaline pretreatments and acid extraction conditions on the acid-soluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60702J","article-title":"A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food \u2013 An international consensus","volume":"5","author":"Minekus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083583","article-title":"Optimization of sequential enzymatic hydrolysis in porcine blood and the influence on peptide profile and bioactivity of prepared hydrolysates","volume":"26","author":"Moreno-Mariscal","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0125","article-title":"FDA\u2019S stamp of approval: Unveiling peptide breakthroughs in cardiovascular diseases, ACE, HIV, CNS, and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Musaimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Peptide Science"},{"issue":"6922","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01370","article-title":"Crystal structure of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme\u2013lisinopril complex","volume":"421","author":"Natesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2025.100877","article-title":"Selective production of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from brewer\u2019s spent grain via two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis and integrated fractionation","volume":"13","author":"Paksin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020490","article-title":"Structural dynamics of DPP-4 and its influence on the projection of bioactive ligands","volume":"23","author":"Pantale\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.107833","article-title":"Integrative biological framework for functional efficacy assessment of cricket, mealworm, and black soldier fly","volume":"74","author":"Purba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2026.118987","article-title":"Larval, pupal, and adult developmental stages as distinct sources for optimizing preparation, bioactivity, and gastrointestinal stability of mealworm-derived peptides in functional foods","volume":"233","author":"Purba","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248987","article-title":"Farang (Psidium guajava L.) dried leaf extracts: Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hemolytic properties for ruminant health and production","volume":"27","author":"Purba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C2431","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13418","article-title":"Chemical and cellular antioxidant activities of chicken breast muscle subjected to various thermal treatments followed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion","volume":"81","author":"Sangsawad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.12.005","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides derived from the simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of cooked chicken breast","volume":"29","author":"Sangsawad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-024-00687-5","article-title":"Immunomodulation effects of porcine cartilage acellularized matrix (pCAM) for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"22","author":"Seob","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24655","article-title":"ACE inhibitors and their interaction with systems and molecules involved in metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Silva-Velasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0180","series-title":"Trends in animal-based foods","first-page":"325","article-title":"Animal-based food waste and by-product utilization","author":"Singh","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144754","article-title":"Effects of pressure-cooking and freeze-drying on the quality and functionality of instant black rice: Starch crystallinity, bioactive properties, and digestibility","volume":"318","author":"Suwanangul","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.107820","article-title":"Unraveling the structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms for targeted therapeutic applications of food-derived angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides","volume":"74","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4941","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2399293","article-title":"Structure-activity relationships and activity enhancement techniques of marine bioactive peptides (MBPs)","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(03)00160-6","article-title":"Structural basis of proline-specific exopeptidase activity as observed in human dipeptidyl peptidase-iv","volume":"11","author":"Thoma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Structure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02455.x","article-title":"Food protein-derived bioactive peptides: Production, processing, and potential health benefits","volume":"77","author":"Udenigwe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.371","article-title":"Intestinal transport of the Lactokinin ala-Leu-pro-met-his-Ile-Arg through a Caco-2 Bbe monolayer","volume":"8","author":"Vermeirssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Peptide Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0215","article-title":"Absorption of bioactive peptides following collagen hydrolysate intake: A randomized, double-blind crossover study in healthy individuals","volume":"11-2024","author":"Virgilio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70156","article-title":"Design and experimental verification of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from Ziziphus jujuba peptide KALVAP","volume":"106","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1462656","article-title":"Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from eel (Anguilla japonica) bone collagen: Preparation, identification, molecular docking, and protective function on HUVECs","volume":"11","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.115721","article-title":"Microbial protease supplementation improves gastric emptying and protein digestive fate of beef for the elderly under dynamic in vitro digestion","volume":"202","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Research International"}],"container-title":["Food Chemistry: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590157526008199?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590157526008199?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:38:29Z","timestamp":1788493109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590157526008199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S2590157526008199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative enzymatic hydrolysis of porcine tracheal cartilage generates ACE\/DPP-IV-inhibitory and antioxidant peptides with enhanced bioactivity following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and molecular docking analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food Chemistry: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.104298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104298"}}