{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T07:58:17Z","timestamp":1772956697779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA054935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA054935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019139","name":"Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002590","name":"American Lung Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA-834584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA-834584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajpmfocus.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AJPM Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:03:36Z","timestamp":1754438616000},"page":"100406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Projected Impact of Higher E-cigarette or Combustible Cigarette Taxes on Use of Both Products in the U.S."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna P.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Mulroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0113-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breanna","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linzy V.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amirah","family":"Fawziyyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Rigotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavroula A.","family":"Chrysanthopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0001","series-title":"Truth Initiative. E-cigarettes: facts, stats and regulations","year":"2024"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults \u2013 United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornelius","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7341a2","article-title":"Tobacco product use among middle and high school students - National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2024","volume":"73","author":"Jamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0004","series-title":"STATE system e-cigarette fact sheet: e-cigarette tax","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0005","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"1","author":"Lindson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11166-020-09326-5","article-title":"E-cigarettes and adult smoking: evidence from Minnesota","volume":"60","author":"Saffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Risk Uncertain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0007","author":"Warner"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032579","article-title":"Novel microsimulation model of tobacco use behaviours and outcomes: calibration and validation in a U.S. population","volume":"10","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284426","article-title":"Longitudinal transitions in initiation, cessation, and relapse of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and adults: validation of a microsimulation model","volume":"18","author":"Schwamm","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.10.008","article-title":"Disparities in tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular disease in people with low socioeconomic status or serious psychological distress: a simulation analysis","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0011","unstructured":"National Addiction & HIV Data Archive Program. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] public-use files: version 20. Washington, DC: HHS. https:\/\/DOI.ORG\/10.3886\/ICPSR36498.V20. Published June 14, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0012","unstructured":"PATH study data access. National Institute on Drug Abuse.https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/research\/nida-research-programs-activities\/population-assessment-tobacco-health-path-study\/data-access. Updated April 17, 2024. Accessed January 14, 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-052934","article-title":"Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study","volume":"26","author":"Hyland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0014","unstructured":"How much will you save? Smokefree Veterans. https:\/\/veterans.smokefree.gov\/reasons-quit\/price-of-smoking. Accessed January 25, 2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.15407","article-title":"Trends in annual sales and pack price of cigarettes in the U.S., 2015\u20132021","volume":"5","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0016","unstructured":"Jacobs M. How much does vaping cost individuals and employers? EX Program. May 2, 2024.https:\/\/www.theexprogram.com\/resources\/blog\/how-much-does-vaping-cost-individuals-and-employers\/. Accessed January 14, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0017","unstructured":"Cigarette & tobacco taxes. American Lung Association. https:\/\/www.lung.org\/policy-advocacy\/tobacco\/tobacco-taxes. Updated September 19, 2024. Accessed January 25, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0018","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brouwer AF, Jeon J, Hirschtick JL, et al. Transitions between cigarette, ENDS and dual use in adults in the PATH study (waves 1\u20134): multistate transition modelling accounting for complex survey design. Tob Control. In press. Online November 16, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055967.","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0020","unstructured":"Weighted multistate Markov (WMSM) model. Center for the Assessment of Tobacco Regulations. https:\/\/tcors.umich.edu\/Resources_Download.php?FileType=WMSM_Model. Updated March 22, 2023. Accessed January 14, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102720","article-title":"Intended and unintended effects of e-cigarette taxes on youth tobacco use","volume":"87","author":"Abouk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16002","article-title":"Young adult responses to taxes on cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems","volume":"117","author":"Friedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11166-020-09330-9","article-title":"The effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette tax rates on adult tobacco product use","volume":"60","author":"Pesko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Risk Uncertain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0024","series-title":"Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433","article-title":"Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI","volume":"382","author":"Blount","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.4885","article-title":"Association of electronic cigarette use by U.S. adolescents with subsequent persistent cigarette smoking","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.02.009","article-title":"Patterns of youth cigarette experimentation and onset of habitual smoking","volume":"56","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0028","series-title":"Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: a report of the Surgeon General","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204416","article-title":"Impact of cigarette taxes on smoking prevalence from 2001\u20132015: a report using the Behavioral and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)","volume":"13","author":"Sharbaugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.019","article-title":"Behavioral change in response to a statewide tobacco tax increase and differences across socioeconomic status","volume":"73","author":"Parks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.023","article-title":"The relation between tobacco taxes and youth and young adult smoking: what happened following the 2009 U.S. federal tax increase on cigarettes?","volume":"45","author":"van Hasselt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30203-8","article-title":"Smoking prevalence following tobacco tax increases in Australia between 2001 and 2017: an interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"4","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.01.015","article-title":"Investigating the impact of e-cigarette price and tax on e-cigarette use behavior","volume":"64","author":"Diaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057743","article-title":"Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014\u20132019","volume":"34","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102676","article-title":"The effects of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette prices and tobacco product sales: evidence from retail panel data","volume":"86","author":"Cotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056653","article-title":"Statewide vaping product excise tax policy and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among U.S. young adults, 2014\u20132019","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00498-0","article-title":"Effect of Massachusetts House Bill No. 4196 on electronic cigarette use: a mixed-methods study","volume":"18","author":"Katchmar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.08.018","article-title":"Smoking and e-cigarette use among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"62","author":"Kalkhoran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["AJPM Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S277306542500094X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S277306542500094X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T22:21:28Z","timestamp":1772922088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S277306542500094X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S277306542500094X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2773-0654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2773-0654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Projected Impact of Higher E-cigarette or Combustible Cigarette Taxes on Use of Both Products in the U.S.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"AJPM Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100406","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100406"}}