{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1791550316202,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajpmfocus.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AJPM Focus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:13:22Z","timestamp":1776698002000},"page":"100501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Differences in the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Risk Behaviors in the Mountain West"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7368-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijaya","family":"Tamla Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-020-00578-0","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences increase risk for prescription opioid misuse","volume":"41","author":"Merrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.2012692","article-title":"An association of adverse childhood experiences with binge drinking in adulthood: findings from a population-based study","volume":"57","author":"Baiden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1949604","article-title":"The effects of individual and dual ACE domains on binge drinking: comparisons by gender","volume":"56","author":"Giano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107948","article-title":"Tobacco use behavior among adults exposed to cumulative adverse childhood experiences: a systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"152","author":"Abufarsakh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1400568","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol abuse among South Carolina adults","volume":"53","author":"Crouch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Cornelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0007","unstructured":"Smoking and tobacco use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco. Updated 2022. Accessed April 4, 2022."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7308a1","article-title":"Deaths from excessive alcohol use - United States, 2016\u20132021","volume":"73","author":"Esser","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.12.017","article-title":"New estimates of smoking-attributable mortality in the U.S. From 2020 through 2035","volume":"66","author":"TTT","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2537","article-title":"Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences from the 2011\u20132014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system in 23 states","volume":"172","author":"Merrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0011","unstructured":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Prevalence & Trends Data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/brfssprevalence\/index.html. Accessed March 25, 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.06.015","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and smoking status in five states","volume":"53","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0013","article-title":"Regional prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in the United States using a nationally representative school-based sample","volume":"19","author":"Yau","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22785-2","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and chronic health outcomes: evidence from 33 U.S. states in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2019\u20132023","volume":"25","author":"Jemiyo","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0015","unstructured":"America\u2019s health rankings. Excessive drinking in Montana. United Health Foundation. https:\/\/www.americashealthrankings.org\/explore\/measures\/ExcessDrink\/MT. Updated 2025. Accessed July 31, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0016","unstructured":"The CSTE Injury Surveillance Workgroup. Special Emphasis Report: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Montana; 2023. https:\/\/dphhs.mt.gov\/assets\/publichealth\/EMSTS\/Data\/ACEs-Montana_2023_final.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2024."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults-United States, 2020","volume":"71","author":"Cornelius","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0018","unstructured":"The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. U.S. State and Local Issues: Broken Promises to Our Children. https:\/\/www.tobaccofreekids.org\/what-we-do\/us\/statereport\/. Updated 2026. Accessed February 24, 2026."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146514521426","article-title":"Race, gender, and chains of disadvantage: childhood adversity, social relationships, and health","volume":"55","author":"Umberson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981231178696","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and tobacco use patterns among adults in the United States: exploring sex differences","volume":"51","author":"Osibogun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1355-3","article-title":"Gender differences in the effects of childhood adversity on alcohol, drug, and polysubstance-related disorders","volume":"52","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2020.1823989","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences are associated with at-risk drinking, cannabis and illicit drug use in females but not males: an Emergency Department study","volume":"46","author":"Cunradi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000451","article-title":"Suicide in the Mountain West region of the United States","volume":"38","author":"Pepper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2022.101925","article-title":"Gender differences in early adverse childhood experiences and youth psychological distress","volume":"83","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Crim Justice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146520966364","article-title":"Early social origins of biological risks for men and women in later life","volume":"61","author":"Morton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv138","article-title":"Gender differences in smoking behavior and dependence motives among daily and nondaily smokers","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2748-y","article-title":"Trends in smoking during pregnancy by socioeconomic characteristics in the United States, 2010\u20132017","volume":"20","author":"Azagba","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.005","article-title":"Modeling life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to adult mental health","volume":"80","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.05.005","article-title":"Is there a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and problem drinking behaviors? Findings from a population-based sample","volume":"150","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.11.012","article-title":"Practical guidance for using behavioral risk factor surveillance system data: merging states and scoring adverse childhood experiences","volume":"62","author":"Lombard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0031","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0032","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Complex Sampling Weights and Preparing 2020 BRFSS Module Data for Analysis; 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/annual_data\/2020\/pdf\/Complex-Smple-Weights-Prep-Module-Data-Analysis-2020-508.pdf. Accessed February 5, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0033","unstructured":"Lumley T. Package \u201csurvey.\u201d. Vienna, Austria: CRAN. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/survey\/survey.pdf. Published 2024. Accessed May 5, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0034","series-title":"Multiple Regression: A Practical Introduction","author":"Roberts","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.01.021","article-title":"Examining the association between adverse childhood experiences and smoking-exacerbated illnesses","volume":"157","author":"Crouch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01155-8","article-title":"Associations between positive childhood experiences and adult smoking and alcohol use behaviors in a large statewide sample","volume":"48","author":"Graupensperger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.24435","article-title":"Positive childhood experiences and adult health and opportunity outcomes in 4 U.S. states","volume":"8","author":"Sege","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501_bib0039","unstructured":"Advancing science for the health of women: the trans-NIH strategic plan for women\u2019s Health Research, 2019, National Institute of Health (NIH). https:\/\/orwh.od.nih.gov\/sites\/orwh\/files\/docs\/ORWH_Strategic_Plan_2019_508C_0.pdf. Accessed May 16, 2024."}],"container-title":["AJPM Focus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2773065426000271?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2773065426000271?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:59:44Z","timestamp":1791547184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2773065426000271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2773065426000271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501","relation":{},"ISSN":["2773-0654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2773-0654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender Differences in the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Risk Behaviors in the Mountain West","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"AJPM Focus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2026.100501","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100501"}}