{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:36:59Z","timestamp":1792629419077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Foot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T02:02:06Z","timestamp":1549850526000},"page":"81-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sachini N.K.","family":"Kodithuwakku Arachchige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Chander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1991.14.2.70","article-title":"Visual assessment of foot type and relationship of foot type to lower extremity injury","volume":"14","author":"Dahle","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.07.013","article-title":"A comparison of foot kinematics in people with normal- and flat-arched feet using the Oxford foot model","volume":"32","author":"Levinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.17.2.153","article-title":"Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic differences in runners with high and low arches","volume":"17","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.2336","article-title":"Comparison of different structural foot types for measures of standing postural control","volume":"36","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sport Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0025","first-page":"LC22","article-title":"Flat foot in a random population and its impact on quality of life and functionality","volume":"11","author":"Pita-Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pes planus (flat foot) in male and female adults of Bayelsa-Nigeria","author":"Dare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electron J Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2126","article-title":"Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children","volume":"118","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0040","first-page":"272","article-title":"Prevalence of flat foot among 18\u201325 years old physiotherapy students: cross sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Bhoir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Basic Appl Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199211000-00011","article-title":"Effects of arch height of the foot on ground reaction forces in running","volume":"24","author":"Nachbauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2004.08.503","article-title":"Hyperpronation and foot pain","volume":"32","author":"Stovitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0057","article-title":"Ethnic radiographic foot differences","volume":"30","author":"Castro-Aragon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2010.04.001","article-title":"Characteristics of adult flatfoot in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Shibuya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706341","article-title":"The influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. A survey of 1846 skeletally mature persons","volume":"77","author":"Sachithanandam","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2013.02.007","article-title":"Effect of plantar intrinsic muscle training on medial longitudinal arch morphology and dynamic function","volume":"18","author":"Mulligan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0075","first-page":"490","article-title":"Assessment of plantar arch index and prevalence of flatfeet among south Indian adolescent population","volume":"9","author":"Pranati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.4.155","article-title":"Rearfoot posture in subjects with patellofemoral pain","volume":"22","author":"Christopher","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sport Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22225","article-title":"Alterated talar and navicular bone morphology is associated with pes planus deformity: a CT-scan study","volume":"31","author":"Peeters","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14744\/nci.2014.29292","article-title":"Flexible flatfoot","volume":"1","author":"Atik","year":"2014","journal-title":"North Clin Istanbul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3767","article-title":"Foot pressure analysis of adults with flat and normal feet at different gait speeds on an ascending slope","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.08.001","article-title":"A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises","volume":"12","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-2011-0299","article-title":"Effect of foot orthoses and short-foot exercise on the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with pes planus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2013.810788","article-title":"The effect of foot arch on plantar pressure distribution during standing","volume":"37","author":"Periyasamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.11.010","article-title":"Foot structure and function in older people with radiographic osteoarthritis of the medial midfoot","volume":"18","author":"Menz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0120","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Application of plantography examination to the assessment of foot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Dzieciol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.3136","article-title":"The effects of short foot exercises and arch support insoles on improvement in the medial longitudinal arch and dynamic balance of flexible flatfoot patients","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522013000300001","article-title":"Relationship between lumbar changes and modifications in the plantar arch in women with low back pain","volume":"21","author":"Borges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091610101","article-title":"Electromyography and cinematography of leg and foot (\u201cnormal\u201d and flat) during walking","volume":"161","author":"Gray Edwin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-78-6-305","article-title":"Surgical considerations in the treatment of pes planus","volume":"78","author":"Borrelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500411","article-title":"Consistency of visual assessments of arch height among clinicians","volume":"15","author":"Cowan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.04.021","article-title":"The reliability and reproducibility of foot type measurements using a mirrored foot photo box and digital photography compared to caliper measurements","volume":"40","author":"Mall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90255-7","article-title":"The arch index: a useful measure from footprints","volume":"20","author":"Cavanagh","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b571cc","article-title":"Validity of plantar surface visual assessment as an estimate of foot arch height","volume":"42","author":"Swedler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-2-22","article-title":"A protocol for classifying normal- and flat-arched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements","volume":"2","author":"Murley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0170","first-page":"213","article-title":"Arch height index normative values of college-aged women using the arch height index measurement system","volume":"103","author":"Weimar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Pod Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2008.06.002","article-title":"Effect of using truncated versus total foot length to calculate the arch height ratio","volume":"18","author":"McPoil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.7547\/0980102","article-title":"Arch height index measurement system: establishment of reliability and normative values","volume":"98","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649809164454","article-title":"Biomechanical gait evaluation of the immediate effect of orthotic treatment for flexible flat foot","volume":"22","author":"Leung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2011-40","article-title":"Standardizing foot-type classification using arch index values","volume":"64","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiother Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00136-4","article-title":"The relationship of static foot structure to dynamic foot function","volume":"30","author":"Cavanagh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100200106","article-title":"Standardizing methods of measurement of foot shape by including the effects of subtalar rotation","volume":"2","author":"Cobey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1054\/foot.2001.0684","article-title":"The accuracy of footprint contact area measurements: relevance to the design and performance of pressure platforms","volume":"11","author":"Urry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.04.011","article-title":"A functional foot type classification with cluster analysis based on plantar pressure distribution during jogging","volume":"23","author":"De Cock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1054\/foot.1999.0544","article-title":"Comparison of footprint parameters calculated from static and dynamic footprints","volume":"9","author":"Mathieson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-3-11","article-title":"Reliability of the TekScan MatScan\u00ae system for the measurement of plantar forces and pressures during barefoot level walking in healthy adults","volume":"3","author":"Zammit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.10.084","article-title":"Repeatability of the modified Oxford foot model during gait in healthy adults","volume":"33","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.04.008","article-title":"A multi-segment kinematic model of the foot with a novel definition of forefoot motion for use in clinical gait analysis during walking","volume":"40","author":"Jenkyn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.974683","article-title":"Taiwanese adult foot shape classification using 3D scanning data","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.02.017","article-title":"Dynamic in-vivo assessment of navicular drop while running in barefoot, minimalist, and motion control footwear conditions","volume":"41","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/78.4.404","article-title":"The effect of foot structure on the three-dimensional kinematic coupling behavior of the leg and rear foot","volume":"78","author":"Nawoczenski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00021","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon rupture","volume":"177","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0255","article-title":"The effect of elastic and non-elastic tape on flat foot","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ft.2011.08.001","article-title":"Effects of treatment with Kinesio tape for flatfeet","volume":"34","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Rom\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fisioterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0265","first-page":"36","article-title":"Effects of kinesiotaping on foot posture in participants with pronated foot: a quasi-randomised, double-blind study","volume":"100","author":"Luque-Suarez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiotherapy (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00036-6","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of adult acquired flat foot with the Arizona brace","volume":"8","author":"Augustin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2008.02.002","article-title":"The effects of sectioning the spring ligament on rearfoot stability and posterior tibial tendon efficiency","volume":"47","author":"Jennings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.002","article-title":"Effects of plantar fascia stiffness on the biomechanical responses of the ankle\u2013foot complex","volume":"19","author":"Cheung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.1519","article-title":"Standing balance on the ground\u2014the influence of flatfeet and insoles","volume":"25","author":"Takata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.09.0139","article-title":"Effectiveness of insoles on plantar pressure redistribution","volume":"41","author":"Tsung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.10.005","article-title":"Effect of therapeutic insoles on the medial longitudinal arch in patients with flatfoot deformity: a three-dimensional loading computed tomography study","volume":"29","author":"Kido","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.1053","article-title":"Immediate effects of silicone insoles on gait pattern in patients with flexible flatfoot","volume":"28","author":"Kulcu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2013.08.013","article-title":"Considerations in footwear and orthotics","volume":"40","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim Care Clin Off Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00028-5","article-title":"Effect of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running","volume":"15","author":"Stacoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.11.664","article-title":"Effect of foot orthotics on calcaneal eversion during standing and treadmill walking for subjects with abnormal pronation","volume":"30","author":"Genova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Sport Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-4754(99)70048-5","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of weight-bearing orthotics and their effect on flexible pes planus","volume":"22","author":"Kuhn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.08.015","article-title":"Effect of foot posture, foot orthoses and footwear on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Murley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1993.18.4.532","article-title":"The effects of foot orthotics on the EMG activity of selected leg muscles during gait","volume":"18","author":"Tomaro","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Orthop Sport Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.7.629","article-title":"Foot shape and its effect on functioning in Royal Australian Air Force recruits. Part 2: pilot, randomized, controlled trial of orthotics in recruits with flatfeet","volume":"170","author":"Esterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-014-0038-5","article-title":"A radiographic and anthropometric study of the effect of a contoured sandal and foot orthosis on supporting the medial longitudinal arch","volume":"7","author":"Escalona-Marfil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2014.03.011","article-title":"The effect of minimal shoes on arch structure and intrinsic foot muscle strength","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sport Heal Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200209000-00021","article-title":"Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by running with different shoes","volume":"34","author":"Wakeling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-004-1095-x","article-title":"Surgical correction of the acquired flat foot","volume":"16","author":"Trnka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200807000-00005","article-title":"Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"16","author":"Deland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B1.96","article-title":"Treatment of mobile flat foot by displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus","volume":"53B","author":"Koutsogiannis","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"}],"container-title":["The Foot"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958259218301536?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958259218301536?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1760693333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0958259218301536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0958259218301536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-2592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-2592","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Foot","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foot.2019.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}