{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:53:59Z","timestamp":1790070839912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,22]],"date-time":"2004-06-22T14:26:07Z","timestamp":1087914367000},"page":"221-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Vitality and time course of wounds"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Oehmichen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB1","unstructured":"B. Madea, W. Grellner, Vitality and supravitality in forensic medicine, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 259\u2013282."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB2","unstructured":"M. Oehmichen, Estimating wound age and distinguishing intravital from postmortem process in forensic medicine. Introductory remarks, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 15\u201321."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Oehmichen, Die Wundheilung, Springer, Berlin, 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75408-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01751316","article-title":"\u00dcber vitale Reaktionen","volume":"15","author":"Walcher","year":"1930","journal-title":"Dtsch Z. Gesamte Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB5","first-page":"163","article-title":"Die vitalen Reaktionen und ihre gerichtsmedizinische Bedeutung","volume":"95","author":"Orsos","year":"1935","journal-title":"Beitr Pathol. Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB6","unstructured":"J. Raekallio, Histological estimation of the age of injuries, in: J.A. Perper, C.H. Wechts (Eds.), Microscopic Diagnosis in Forensic Pathology, Thomas, Springfield\/IL, 1975, pp. 3\u201316."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00592087","article-title":"M\u00f6glichkeiten der biochemischen Wundaltersbestimmung","volume":"63","author":"Berg","year":"1968","journal-title":"Dtsch Z. Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB8","first-page":"108","article-title":"Praktische Erfahrungen mit der biochemischen Wundaltersbestimmung","volume":"28","author":"Berg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Beitr Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00200749","article-title":"Die Bedeutung des Kollagens bei der Wundaltersbestimmung","volume":"100","author":"Eisenmenger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Z. Rechtsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB10","unstructured":"P. Betz, Neue Methoden zur histologischen Altersbestimmung menschlicher Hautwunden, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00428-0","article-title":"The time-dependent expression of fibronectin, MRP8, MRP14 and defensin in surgically treated human skin wounds","volume":"131","author":"Fieguth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01247271","article-title":"Immunohistochemical examination of skin wounds with antibodies against alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and lysozymem","volume":"107","author":"Fieguth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050092","article-title":"Time dependence of the expression of ICAM-1 (CD 54) in human skin wounds","volume":"110","author":"Dressler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB14","first-page":"39","article-title":"Enhanced expression of selectins in human skin wounds","volume":"112","author":"Dressler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00258-9","article-title":"Expression of adhesion molecules in skin wounds: diagnostic value in legal medicine","volume":"113","author":"Dressler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB16","unstructured":"R. Amberg, Time-dependent cytokine expression in cutaneous wound repair, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 107\u2013121."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00147-9","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of fibronectin in postmortem incised wounds of porcine skin","volume":"97","author":"Grellner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01225236","article-title":"Cathepsin D as a vitality marker in human skin wounds","volume":"106","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cueto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200003000-00004","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis of wound vitality: a review","volume":"21","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cueto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01808-5","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of D-dimer in the establishment of the vitality of wounds","volume":"76","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cueto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB21","unstructured":"D. Vieira, Application of ions, proteinase inhibitors and PGF2a in the differential diagnosis between vital and postmortem skin wounds, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 83\u2013105."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB22","unstructured":"J.A. Lorente, Cathepsin D as a marker of the vitality of the wounds, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 69\u201381."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-003-0403-6","article-title":"Expression of fibronectin and tenascin as a demonstration of vital reaction in rat skin and muscle","volume":"117","author":"Ortiz-Rey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB24","unstructured":"T. Kondo, T. Ohshima, Experimental study on the estimation of skin wound age after injury by immuno-staining interleukin 1\u03b1, collagen type I and fibronectin, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 123\u2013132."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050244","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and morphometrical study on the temporal expression of interleukin-1\u03b1 (IL-1\u03b1) in human skin wounds for forensic wound age determination","volume":"112","author":"Kondo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB26","unstructured":"M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB27","first-page":"281","article-title":"Histological and histochemical age determination of closed cerebral cortex injuries","volume":"36","author":"Eisenmenger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Beitr Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB28","first-page":"291","article-title":"Time-dependent histomorphological changes of cortical contusion areas following brain concussion","volume":"36","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Beitr Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114577","article-title":"Timing of cortical contusion. Correlation between histomorphologic alterations and post-traumatic interval","volume":"84","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z. Rechtsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB30","unstructured":"R. Hausmann, Die Altersbestimmung von Hirnkontusionen bei gedecktem Sch\u00e4del-Hirn-Trauma des Menschen, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB31","unstructured":"K. Laiho, Time dependence of hemoglobin degradation, in: M. Oehmichen, H. Kirchner (Eds.), The Wound Healing Process: Forensic Pathological Aspects, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1996, pp. 229\u2013240."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(96)01938-X","article-title":"Distinguishing antemortem from postmortem injuries by LTB4 quantification","volume":"81","author":"He","year":"1996","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(97)80017-6","article-title":"RNA and DNA synthesis of epidermal basal cells after wounding. Comparison of vital and postmortem investigations","volume":"49","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050142","article-title":"The time-related expression of p53 protein in human skin wounds\u2014a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"111","author":"Hausmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB35","unstructured":"M. Oehmichen, H.G. K\u00f6nig (Eds.), Neurotraumatology: Biomechanical Aspects, Cytologic and Molecular Mechanisms, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150360517218","article-title":"Time course of cortical hemorrhages after closed traumatic brain injury: statistical analysis of post-traumatic histomorphological alterations","volume":"20","author":"Oehmichen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB37","unstructured":"H. Tomimoto, T. Yanagihara, Vulnerabiliy of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in cerebral ischemia, in: M. Oehmichen (Ed.), Brain Hypoxia and Ischemia. Reseach in Legal Medicine, vol. 24, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 2000, pp. 65\u201384."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00693775","article-title":"Early loss of somatostatin neurons in dentate hilus after cerebral ischemia in the rat precedes CA-1 pyramidal cell loss","volume":"73","author":"Johansen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(03)00077-4","article-title":"Methodical approach to brain hypoxia\/ischemia as a fundamental problem in forensic neuropathology","volume":"5","author":"Oehmichen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00304636","article-title":"Delayed neuronal death and delayed neuronal recovery in the human brain following global ischemia","volume":"85","author":"Horn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199203000-00006","article-title":"Traumatically induced reactive change as visualized through the use of monoclonal antibodies targeted to neurofilament submits","volume":"51","author":"Yaghmai","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.565","article-title":"Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury","volume":"12","author":"Blumbergs","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571509","article-title":"Axonal injury: a universal consequence of fatal closed head injury?","volume":"89","author":"Gentleman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00386254","article-title":"Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for \u03b2-amyloid precursor protein","volume":"87","author":"Sheriff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00075-9","article-title":"Axonal injury\u2014a diagnostic tool in forensic neuropathology? A review","volume":"95","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230489","article-title":"Ubiquitin marks the reactive swellings of diffuse axonal injury","volume":"85","author":"Schweitzer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB47","unstructured":"J.H. Adams, Head injury, in: J.H. Adams, L.W. Duchen (Eds.), Greenfield\u2019s Neuropathology, 5th ed., Arnold, London, 1992, pp. 106\u2013152."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00618.x","article-title":"The nature, distribution and causes of traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Graham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.31.4.299","article-title":"Macroscopic lesions in the brain following head injury","volume":"31","author":"Oppenheimer","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB50","unstructured":"D.R. McLellan, J.H. Adams, D.I. Graham, et al., Structural basis of the vegetative state and prolonged coma after nonmissile head injury, in: I. Papo, F. Cohadon, M. Massarotti (Eds.), Le coma traumatique, Liviana Editrice, Padova, 1986, pp. 165\u2013185."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(87)90018-1","article-title":"White matter damage following acute head injury","volume":"35","author":"Vanezis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.31.2.110","article-title":"Notes on Marchi method for staining degenerating myelin in the peripheral and central nervous system","volume":"31","author":"Strich","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB53","unstructured":"J.T. Povlishock, The pathogenesis and implications of axonal injury in traumatically injured animal and human brain, in: M. Oehmichen, H.G. K\u00f6nig (Eds.), Neurotraumatology\u2014Biomechanic Aspects, Cytologic and Molecular Mechanisms, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1997, pp. 175\u2013185."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(86)90136-2","article-title":"Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period","volume":"30","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB55","unstructured":"H. Lassmann, In situ staging of CNS white matter lesions, in: M. Oehmichen, H.G. K\u00f6nig (Eds.), Neurotraumatology: Biomechanical Aspects, Cytologic and Molecular Mechanisms, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1997, pp. 253\u2013259."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057_BIB56","unstructured":"R. Meyermann, S. Engel, H.-D. Wehner, H.J. Schl\u00fcsener, Microglial reactions in severe closed head injury, in: M. Oehmichen, H.G. K\u00f6nig (Eds.), Neurotraumatology: Biomechanical Aspects, Cytologic and Molecular Mechanisms, Schmidt-R\u00f6mhild, L\u00fcbeck, 1997, pp. 261\u2013278."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804002750?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804002750?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T19:51:07Z","timestamp":1549482667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073804002750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073804002750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}