{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:41:42Z","timestamp":1792798902320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T17:22:52Z","timestamp":1100280172000},"page":"105-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Hypoglycemic brain damage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Roland N.","family":"Auer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Neue Behandlungsart Schizophreniker und verwirrter Erregter","author":"Sakel","year":"1933","journal-title":"Wien klin Wchnschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib2","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Schizophreniebehandlung mittels Insulin-Hypoglyk\u00e4mie sowie hypoglyk\u00e4mischen Schocks","volume":"84","author":"Sakel","year":"1934","journal-title":"Wien med Wchnschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.94.1.111","article-title":"The methodical use of hypoglycemia in the treatment of psychoses","volume":"94","author":"Sakel","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib4","first-page":"765","article-title":"Cerebral lesions in hypoglycemia. II. Some possibilities of irrevocable damage from insulin shock","volume":"26","author":"Baker","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195112000-00004","article-title":"Irreversible posthypoglycemic coma","volume":"222","author":"Fazekas","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.33.11.1090","article-title":"Hypoglycemic brain injury in the rat. Correlation of density of brain damage with the EEG isoelectric time: a quantitative study","volume":"33","author":"Auer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.97.406.132","article-title":"Insulin coma therapy of schizophrenia: some critical remarks on Dr. Sakel's report","volume":"97","author":"Mayer-Gross","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib8","first-page":"37","article-title":"Anatomische Befunde bei spontaner Hypoglyk\u00e4mie infolge multipler Pankreasinseladenome","volume":"88","author":"Terbr\u00fcggen","year":"1932","journal-title":"Beitr z path Anat u allg Path."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01641.1989","article-title":"Neurobehavioural deficit due to ischemic brain damage limited to half of the CA1 sector of the hippocampus","volume":"9","author":"Auer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03047.x","article-title":"Effect of severe hypoglycemia on the human brain","volume":"62","author":"Kalimo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.9.804","article-title":"The effect of pronounced hypoglycemia on monoamine metabolism in rat brain","volume":"28","author":"Agardh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688532","article-title":"Hypoglycemic brain injury. I. Metabolic and light microscopic findings in rat cerebral cortex during profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration","volume":"50","author":"Agardh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08682.x","article-title":"Influence of severe hypoglycemia on mitochondrial and plasma membrane function in rat brain","volume":"38","author":"Agardh","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90725-9","article-title":"Effect of insulin hypoglycemia upon cerebral energy metabolism and EEG activity in the rat","volume":"126","author":"Feise","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1981.31","article-title":"Hypoglycemic brain injury: phospholipids, free fatty acids, and cyclic nucleotides in the cerebellum of the rat after 30 and 60min of severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia","volume":"1","author":"Agardh","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1981.8","article-title":"Hypoglycemic brain injury: metabolic and structural findings in rat cerebellar cortex during profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration","volume":"1","author":"Agardh","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90039-3","article-title":"Regional comparisons of brain glucose influx","volume":"326","author":"LaManna","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06645.x","article-title":"Local cerebral glucose consumption during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in the recovery period following glucose administration","volume":"110","author":"Abdul-Rahman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1976.tb04487.x","article-title":"Oxidative metabolism of the cerebral cortex of the rat in severe insulin induced hypoglycemia","volume":"26","author":"Norberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb06236.x","article-title":"Cerebral metabolic changes in profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in the recovery period following glucose administration","volume":"31","author":"Agardh","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490130403","article-title":"Metabolically derived aspartate\u2014elevated extracellular levels in vivo in iodoacetate poisoning","volume":"13","author":"Sandberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation of extra- and intracellular pH in the brain in severe hypoglycemia","author":"Pelligrino","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib23","first-page":"44","article-title":"Effect of hypoglycemic encephalopathy upon amino acids, high-energy phosphates, and pHi in the rat brain in vivo: detection by sequential 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy","author":"Behar","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01619.x","article-title":"Endogenous substrates utilized by rat brain in severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia","volume":"36","author":"Agardh","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/2101334a0","article-title":"Glycerol as a substrate for brain metabolism","volume":"210","author":"Sloviter","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0550618","article-title":"Glucose level, metabolism, and response to electrical impulses in cerebral tissues from man and laboratory animals","volume":"55","author":"McIlwain","year":"1953","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.5.1.48","article-title":"Lactate uptake and metabolism by brain during hyperlactatemia and hypoglycemia","volume":"5","author":"Nemoto","year":"1974","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06601.x","article-title":"Local cerebral blood flow in the rat during severe hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose injection","volume":"109","author":"Abdul-Rahman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib29","first-page":"1162","article-title":"The cerebral metabolic effects of acutely induced hypoglycemia in human subjects","volume":"11","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1962","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1986.tb02847.x","article-title":"Extracellular overflow of neuroactive amino acids during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: in vivo dialysis of the rat hippocampus","volume":"47","author":"Sandberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688108","article-title":"The distribution of hypoglycemic brain damage","volume":"64","author":"Auer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687813","article-title":"The dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia. Pathology implicating excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis","volume":"67","author":"Auer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib33","first-page":"63","article-title":"Neuropathologic findings in three cases of profound hypoglycemia","volume":"8","author":"Auer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1984.27","article-title":"Cerebral extracellular calcium activity in severe hypoglycemia: relation to extracellular potassium and energy state","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb06692.x","article-title":"Influence of severe hypoglycemia on brain extracellular calcium and potassium activities, energy and phospholipid metabolism","volume":"43","author":"Wieloch","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804004311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804004311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T03:22:57Z","timestamp":1549077777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073804004311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073804004311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}