{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T08:40:01Z","timestamp":1793868001913,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,13]],"date-time":"2005-01-13T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1105624280000},"page":"172-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["The relationship between performance on the standardised field sobriety tests, driving performance and the level of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Papafotiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.D.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Stough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00134-8","article-title":"The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes","volume":"134","author":"Drummer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes","volume":"943","author":"Drummer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(85)90034-X","article-title":"Marijuana and driving","volume":"17","author":"Moskowitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb49902.x","article-title":"Effects of cannabis and alcohol on automobile driving and psychomotor tracking","volume":"282","author":"Hansteen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib5","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine","first-page":"107","article-title":"Driving simulator studies of marijuana alone and in combination with alcohol","author":"Smiley","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib6","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety","article-title":"Low doses of marijuana and alcohol severely impair driving when taken together","author":"Ramaekers","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.W.J. Robbe, J. O\u2019Hanlon, Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance, United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report No. DOT HS 808078, 1993.","DOI":"10.1037\/e730492011-001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib8","unstructured":"Victorian Government Gazette No. G 46 Thursday 16 November 2723(G 46)-2725 (G 46), Traffic Alcohol Section, Victoria Police, Victoria, Australia, 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Burns, H. Moskowitz, Psychophysical Tests for DWI Arrest, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Final Report, Publication No. DOT-HS-5-01242, 1977.","DOI":"10.1037\/e488152008-001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib10","first-page":"25","article-title":"Sobriety tests for the presence of drugs","volume":"3","author":"Burns","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Drugs Driving"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Tharp, M. Burns, H. Moskowitz, Development and Field Test of Psychophysical Test for DWI Arrest, U.S. Department of Transport, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Final Report, Publication No. DOT-HS-805-864, 1981.","DOI":"10.1037\/e487212008-001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib12","unstructured":"R.P. Compton, Pilot Test of Selected DWI Detection Procedures for Use at Sobriety Checkpoints, A NHTSA Technical Report, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Publication No. DOT HS 806724, 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Stuster, M. Burns, Validation of the Standardised Field Sobriety Test Battery at BACs below 0.10 percent, U.S. Department of Transport, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Final Report, Publication No. DOT-HS-808839, 1998.","DOI":"10.1037\/e494582008-001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Papafotiou, C. Stough, J.D. Carter, An evaluation of the sensitivity of the standardised field sobriety tests (SFSTs) to detect impairment due to marijuana intoxication, Psychopharmacology, in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2119-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.E. Bigelow, W.E. Bickel, J.C. Roache, I.A. Liebson, P. Nowowieski, Identifying Types of Drug Intoxication: Laboratory Evaluation of a Subject Examination Procedure (Johns Hopkins Study), Final Report, Behavioural Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Publication No. DOT HS 806753, 1985.","DOI":"10.1037\/e485752008-001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib16","unstructured":"R.P. Compton, Field Evaluation of the Los Angeles Police, Department Drug Detection Procedure (173 Case Study), A NHTSA Technical Report, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Publication No. DOT HS 807012, 1986."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib17","unstructured":"K. Papafotiou, C.K. Stough, P. Nathan, Detection of Cannabis-Induced Impairment with Sobriety Testing. Technical Report for Victoria Roads, Project No: DFA 98\/99-10, 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199312000-00013","article-title":"Relating blood concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol and metabolites to pharmacological effects and time of marijuana usage","volume":"15","author":"Cone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/26.8.575","article-title":"Determination of delta9-THC in whole blood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"26","author":"Chu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00538-2","article-title":"Delta(9)-THC, 11-OH-delta(9)-THC and delta(9)-THCCOOH plasma or serum to whole blood concentrations distribution ratios in blood samples taken from living and dead people","volume":"123","author":"Giroud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib21","series-title":"13th International Conference on Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety, August","first-page":"13","article-title":"Effects of cannabis on psychomotor skills and driving performance \u2013 a meta-analysis of experimental studies","author":"Berghaus","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib22","series-title":"Custodial Drug Guide: Medical Management of People in Custody with Alcohol and Drug Problems","author":"Petroulias","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199604000-00007","article-title":"Zolpidem, triazolam, and temazepam: behavioral and subject-rated effects in normal volunteers","volume":"16","author":"Rush","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804007674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073804007674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]],"date-time":"2020-04-05T09:18:35Z","timestamp":1586078315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073804007674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073804007674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}