{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:43:37Z","timestamp":1792363417997,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T09:38:00Z","timestamp":1237541880000},"page":"6-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["The neuropathology of infant subdural haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Waney","family":"Squier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037739","article-title":"Subdural haematoma and effusion in infancy: an epidemiological study","volume":"90","author":"Hobbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000120674","article-title":"Pediatric chronic subdural haematoma: a retrospectiive comparative analysis","volume":"18","author":"Parent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1004","article-title":"Prevalence and evolution of intracranial hemorrhage in asymptomatic term infants","author":"Rooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.2.98","article-title":"Investigating subdural haemorrhage in infants","volume":"86","author":"Kemp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/107755902237263","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage and rebleeding in suspected victims of abusive head trauma: addressing the forensic controversies","volume":"7","author":"Hymel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000071315","article-title":"Significance of a subdural hematoma in a child with external hydrocephalus","volume":"39","author":"Pittman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib7","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Subdural hematomas in infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces are not pathognomonic for child abuse","volume":"27","author":"McNeely","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810000255","article-title":"Reprint of concerning surgical intervention for the intracranial hemorrhages of the newborn by Harvey Cushing M.D., 1905","volume":"16","author":"Cushing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0896-8","article-title":"Current controversies in the interpretation of nonaccidental head injury","volume":"38","author":"Jaspan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.11.1130","article-title":"Spontaneous subhyaloid and retinal haemorrhages in an infant","volume":"61","author":"McLellan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib11","first-page":"121","article-title":"MRI-based investigation on outflow segment of cerebral venous system under increased ICP condition","volume":"13","author":"Si","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/12\/1205","article-title":"A hypothesis of cerebral venous system regulation based on a study of the junction between the cortical bridging veins and the superior sagittal sinus. Laboratory investigation","volume":"107","author":"Vignes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0175-z","article-title":"The dural entrance of cerebral bridging veins into the superior sagittal sinus: an anatomical comparison between cadavers and digital subtraction angiography","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092300104","article-title":"Subdural compartment in pig: a morphologic study with blood and horseradish peroxidase infused subdurally","volume":"230","author":"Orlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib15","first-page":"53","article-title":"Venous lakes in the suboccipital dura mater and falx cerebelli of infants: surgical significance","volume":"4","author":"Browder","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/07\/0155","article-title":"Anatomy of the falcine venous plexus","volume":"107","author":"Tubbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2422060133","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage in asymptomatic neonates: prevalence on MR images and relationship to obstetric and neonatal risk factors","volume":"242","author":"Looney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib18","series-title":"Developmental Neuropathology","first-page":"44","article-title":"Hemorrhages in asphyxiated premature infants","author":"Friede","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.10.019","article-title":"Dural hemorrhage of the tentorium on postmortem cranial computed tomographic scans in children","volume":"154","author":"Kibayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib20","article-title":"Natural history of subdural haemorrhage in infants: imaging and pathological correlations","volume":"47","author":"Squier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000066216","article-title":"Infantile subdural hematomas due to traffic accidents","volume":"37","author":"Vinchon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib22","series-title":"BAFM Winter Meeting","article-title":"Hypoxia, intradural haemorrhage and subdural bleeding in the paediatric and perinatal postmortem: are they related? A study combining the use of autopsy and post-mortem magnetic resonance","author":"Cohen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2350\/07-01-0213.1","article-title":"Evidence of occurrence of intradural and subdural hemorrhage in the perinatal and neonatal period in the context of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. An observational study from two referral institutions in the United Kingdom","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091060302","article-title":"The dural venous sinuses","volume":"106","author":"Balo","year":"1950","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199607000-00017","article-title":"Anatomic details of intradural channels in the parasagittal dura: a possible pathway for flow of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"39","author":"Fox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-005-0020-4","article-title":"Proposal of \u201cevolution theory in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics\u201d and minor pathway hydrocephalus in developing immature brain","volume":"22","author":"Oi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0840-z","article-title":"Reassessment of the pathways responsible for cerebrospinal fluid absorption in the neonate","volume":"20","author":"Papaiconomou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239012","article-title":"Morphological indications for considerable diffuse reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid in spinal meninges particularly in the areas of meningeal funnels. An electronmicroscopical study including tracing experiments in rats","volume":"189","author":"Zenker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"9412","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15730-9","article-title":"Frequency and natural history of subdural haemorrhages in babies and relation to obstetric factors","volume":"363","author":"Whitby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib30","series-title":"Neurology of the Newborn","first-page":"377","article-title":"Intracranial haemorrhage","author":"Volpe","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.13.74.89","article-title":"Intra cranial haemorrhage in the newborn\u2014a study of diagnosis and differential diagnosis based on pathological and clinical findings in 126 cases","volume":"13","author":"Craig","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00434.x","article-title":"Dural haemorrhage in non-traumatic infant deaths: does it explain the bleeding in shaken baby syndrome?","volume":"29","author":"Geddes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.6.1038","article-title":"Changes in superior sagittal sinus blood velocities due to postural alterations and pressure on the head of the newborn infant","volume":"75","author":"Cowan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2350\/07-04-0271.1","article-title":"Letter to the editor. Lack of evidence for a causal relationship between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and subdural hemorrhage in fetal life, infancy, and early childhood","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib35","series-title":"53rd Annual Meeting of the Paediatric Pathology Society","article-title":"The use of magnetic resonance as an ancillary technique in the paediatric coronial post mortem examination","author":"Cohen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib36","series-title":"Developmental Pathology of the Neonate","article-title":"Lesions of haemorrhagic type, mainly venous","author":"Larroche","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib37","article-title":"Does cardiorespiratory arrest in young children cause subdural haematomas?","author":"Hurley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. Soc. Neuroradiologists"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2350\/06-08-0154.1","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a causal relationship between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and subdural hemorrhage in fetal life, infancy, and early childhood","volume":"10","author":"Byard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib39","first-page":"44","article-title":"Imaging of head injuries in infants: temporal correlates and forensic implications for the diagnosis of child abuse","volume":"101","author":"Vinchon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib40","article-title":"Spinal subdural hematomas in children with non accidental head injury","author":"Koumellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1450","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00215.2004","article-title":"CSF absorption in healthy individuals","volume":"287","author":"Edsbagge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS16149J","article-title":"Subdural neomembranes and sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Rogers","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00707188","article-title":"Infantile acute subdural hematoma","volume":"3","author":"Ikeda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19890801-07","article-title":"Shaken impact syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Bruce","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr. Ann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib45","series-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Pathology","first-page":"571","article-title":"Acquired diseases of the central nervous system","author":"Squier","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib46","series-title":"Impact Injuries to the Brain and Head. Forensic Neuropathology","author":"Leestma","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690220148978","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome: fundamental questions","volume":"16","author":"Uscinski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.1999.7.4.6","article-title":"A pitfall in the diagnosis of child abuse: external hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, and retinal hemorrhages","volume":"7","author":"Piatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810000312","article-title":"Infantile head injury, with special reference to the development of chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.5.0637","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematomas: a review","volume":"54","author":"Markwalder","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.11.014","article-title":"Traumatic subdural effusion evolves into chronic subdural hematoma: two stages of the same inflammatory reaction?","volume":"70","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib52","first-page":"47","article-title":"Pathogenesis of persistent subdural effusions in infants (author's transl)","volume":"24","author":"Stroobandt","year":"1978","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050006","article-title":"Acute neuroradiologic findings in young children with inflicted or noninflicted traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Ewing-Cobbs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.3.0409","article-title":"The shaken baby syndrome. A clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study","volume":"66","author":"Duhaime","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1148\/130.3.687","article-title":"Computed tomography of craniocerebral injury in the abused child","volume":"130","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050023","volume":"16","author":"Steinbok","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0130","article-title":"Comparison of accidental and nonaccidental traumatic head injury in children on noncontrast computed tomography","volume":"118","author":"Tung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"759","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5759.430","article-title":"Infantile subdural haematoma and its relationship to whiplash injuries","volume":"2","author":"Guthkelch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690220148824","article-title":"Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury","volume":"16","author":"Ommaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.1.0143","article-title":"Anthropomorphic simulations of falls, shakes, and inflicted impacts in infants","volume":"99","author":"Prange","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00206-1","article-title":"Unusual cervical spine injury in a 1 year old","volume":"34","author":"Winter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00114-1","article-title":"Paediatric spinal injuries","volume":"35","author":"Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1290","article-title":"Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children. I. Patterns of brain damage","volume":"124","author":"Geddes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9283","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05849-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain injury in infantile child abuse","volume":"358","author":"Shannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198904000-00008","article-title":"The infant whiplash-shake injury syndrome: a clinical and pathological study","volume":"24","author":"Hadley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073809000796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073809000796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T14:59:16Z","timestamp":1684940356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073809000796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073809000796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}