{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:03:10Z","timestamp":1784120590635,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,24]],"date-time":"2011-07-24T00:30:53Z","timestamp":1311467453000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Postmortem redistribution of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Schwope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stoppacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane B.","family":"Gillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn A.","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(90)90182-X","article-title":"Post-mortem drug redistribution \u2013 a toxicological nightmare","volume":"45","author":"Pounder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.02.013","article-title":"Postmortem toxicology of drugs of abuse","volume":"142","author":"Drummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120018270","article-title":"Post-mortem toxicology: what the dead can and cannot tell us","volume":"41","author":"Leikin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-200058950","article-title":"Key concepts in postmortem drug redistribution","volume":"43","author":"Yarema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/27.8.533","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying postmortem redistribution of drugs: a review","volume":"27","author":"Pelissier-Alicot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12828J","article-title":"The forensic science implications of site and temporal influences on postmortem blood\u2013drug concentrations","volume":"35","author":"Prouty","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0035","series-title":"Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man","author":"Baselt","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D901","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm958","article-title":"DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets","volume":"36","author":"Wishart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0045","series-title":"Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse","author":"Karch","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0403-2","article-title":"Postmortem redistribution of THC in the pig","volume":"124","author":"Brunet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14404J","article-title":"Postmortem drug redistribution \u2013 human cases related to results in experimental animals","volume":"44","author":"Hilberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/29.7.632","article-title":"Usefulness of roadside urine drug screening in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID)","volume":"29","author":"Raes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580601188121","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol and illicit drugs in blood specimens from drivers involved in traffic law offenses. Systematic review of cross-sectional studies","volume":"8","author":"Gonzalez-Wilhelm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02705.x","article-title":"Do Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations indicate recent use in chronic cannabis users?","volume":"104","author":"Karschner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580600550172","article-title":"Relationship between THC concentration in blood and impairment in apprehended drivers","volume":"7","author":"Khiabani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009","article-title":"The relationship between performance on the standardised field sobriety tests, driving performance and the level of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood","volume":"155","author":"Papafotiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.114405","article-title":"Intra- and intersubject whole blood\/plasma cannabinoid ratios determined by 2-dimensional, electron impact GC\u2013MS with cryofocusing","volume":"55","author":"Schwilke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200524010-00005","article-title":"Analytical toxicology: guidelines for sample collection postmortem","volume":"24","author":"Flanagan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.4.282","article-title":"Estimating antemortem drug concentrations from postmortem blood samples: the influence of postmortem redistribution","volume":"53","author":"Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/16.5.276","article-title":"Blood cannabinoids. I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during and after smoking marijuana","volume":"16","author":"Huestis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/16.5.283","article-title":"Blood cannabinoids. II. Models for the prediction of time of marijuana exposure from plasma concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH)","volume":"16","author":"Huestis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.2.301","article-title":"Stability of 11-nor-delta(9)-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide in plasma and urine assessed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"48","author":"Skopp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12714J","article-title":"Studies on the stability and detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in whole blood using Abuscreen radioimmunoassay","volume":"34","author":"McCurdy","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90028-G","article-title":"Acute and residual effects of marijuana: profiles of plasma THC levels, physiological, subjective, and performance measures","volume":"37","author":"Heishman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200608000-00009","article-title":"Estimating time of last oral ingestion of cannabis from plasma THC and THCCOOH concentrations","volume":"28","author":"Huestis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-26573-2_23","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol","author":"Huestis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.056838","article-title":"Estimating the time of last cannabis use from plasma delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations","volume":"51","author":"Huestis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00538-2","article-title":"Delta(9)-THC 11-OH-Delta(9)-THC and Delta(9)-THCCOOH plasma or serum to whole blood concentrations distribution ratios in blood samples taken from living and dead people","volume":"123","author":"Giroud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000197091.07807.22","article-title":"Review of biologic matrices (urine, blood, hair) as indicators of recent or ongoing cannabis use","volume":"28","author":"Musshoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811003136?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811003136?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:06:45Z","timestamp":1712621205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073811003136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073811003136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}