{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:57:42Z","timestamp":1792288662449,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T20:20:56Z","timestamp":1319746856000},"page":"198.e1-198.e6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"G.M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Steyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0005","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull","first-page":"1","article-title":"Craniofacial image analysis and reconstruction","author":"\u0130\u015fcan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0010","series-title":"The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine","author":"Krogman","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0015","first-page":"23","article-title":"Forensic anthropology in South Africa: a profile of cases from 1993 to 1995 at the Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria","volume":"20","author":"Steyn","year":"1997","journal-title":"South African Journal of Ethnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11568J","article-title":"Photographic superimposition","volume":"28","author":"Dorion","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11737J","article-title":"A method of matching skulls with photographic portraits using landmarks and measurements of the dentition","volume":"29","author":"McKenna","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12484J","article-title":"A method of orientation of skull and camera for use in forensic photographic investigation","volume":"33","author":"Mckenna","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00450-3","article-title":"The reliability of forensic osteology \u2013 a case in point","volume":"117","author":"Kemkes-Grottenthaler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12755J","article-title":"Development of equipment for the standardization of skull photographs in personal identifications by photographic superimposition","volume":"34","author":"Brockelebank","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12776J","article-title":"A study on the standard for forensic anthropologic identification of skull-image superimposition","volume":"34","author":"Chai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(89)90215-6","article-title":"The positioning and magnification of faces and skulls for photographic superimposition","volume":"41","author":"Maat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0055","series-title":"Introduction to Medico","first-page":"377","article-title":"Human identification","author":"Naidoo","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0060","series-title":"Introduction to Forensic Sciences","first-page":"343","article-title":"The scope of forensic anthropology","author":"\u0130\u015fcan","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0065","first-page":"138","article-title":"Case report: two murder victims identified by means of skull-photo superimposition","volume":"96","author":"Steyn","year":"2000","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0070","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull","first-page":"89","article-title":"Craniometric individuality of human skulls","author":"Schimmler","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01844829","article-title":"A new approach to computer-aided comparison of skull and photograph","volume":"108","author":"Bajnoczky","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00455-2","article-title":"Cranio-facial morphanalysis: a new method for enhancing reliability while identifying skulls by photo superimposition","volume":"117","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13615J","article-title":"The reliability of skull\/photograph superimposition in individual identification","volume":"39","author":"Austin-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01369791","article-title":"Techniques in facial identification: computer-aided facial reconstruction using a laser scanner and video superimposition","volume":"108","author":"Shahrom","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00624.x","article-title":"Skull-photo superimposition and border deaths identification through exclusion and the failure to exclude","volume":"53","author":"Fenton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01742-2","article-title":"Evaluation of consistency in cranio-facial superimposition images","volume":"74","author":"Yoshino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11987J","article-title":"Computer assisted photographic superimposition","volume":"37","author":"Ubelaker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0110","first-page":"57","article-title":"Developments in cranio-facial superimposition for identification","volume":"1","author":"Brown","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0115","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull","first-page":"29","article-title":"Identification of skulls: a historical review and practical applications, identification of skulls: a historical review and practical applications","author":"Gruner","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114613","article-title":"Vereinfachte Sch\u00e4delidentifizierung nach dem Superprojektionsverfahren mit Hilfe einer Video-Analage","volume":"80","author":"Helmer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114614","article-title":"Sch\u00e4delidentifizierung durch Superprojektion nach dem Verfahren der elektronischen Bildmischung, Modifiziert zum Trickbild-Differenz-Verfahren","volume":"80","author":"Helmer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0130","series-title":"Forensic Art and Illustration","first-page":"477","article-title":"Methods of superimposition","author":"Glassman","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198607030-00006","article-title":"Computer-aided skull\/face superimposition","volume":"7","author":"Pesce-Delfino","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12340J","article-title":"Identification of skulls by video superimposition","volume":"32","author":"Iten","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198203000-00009","article-title":"Video camera superimposition and facial reconstruction as an aid to identification","volume":"3","author":"Koelmeyer","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11915J","article-title":"Video superimposition of skulls and photographic portraits \u2013 a new aid to identification","volume":"31","author":"Bastiaan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0155","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull","first-page":"97","article-title":"Three dimensional skull identification via computed tomographic data and video visualisation","author":"Lambrecht","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0160","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull","first-page":"105","article-title":"Positioning the skull for superimposition","author":"Sekharan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(97)00168-0","article-title":"Computer-assisted skull identification system using video superimposition","volume":"90","author":"Yoshino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00454-0","article-title":"An economized craniofacial identification system","volume":"117","author":"Ghosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"113","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000105334.74097.CA","article-title":"A new rig for standardized craniofacial photography put to the test","volume":"3","author":"Stephan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0180","first-page":"47","article-title":"Craniofacial identification by computer mediated superimposition","volume":"24","author":"Al-Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0198-y","article-title":"Dental superimposition: a pilot study for standardising the method","volume":"121","author":"Angelis","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0190","first-page":"61","article-title":"A case of skull identification by means of photographic superimposition","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2004.10.004","article-title":"The Pretoria bone collection: a modern South African skeletal sample","volume":"56","author":"L\u2019Abb\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0200","series-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"Farkas","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0205","series-title":"Lehrbuch der Anthropologie Band 1","author":"Martin","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0210","series-title":"Vergleichende Biologie des Menschen: Lehrbuch der Anthropologie und Humangenetik","author":"Knussman","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0215","unstructured":"P. Moore-Jansen, S. Ousley, R. Jantz, Data Collection Procedures for Forensic Skeletal Material, Knoxville, University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology, 1994. Report No.: 48."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.06.062","article-title":"Superimposition and projective transformation of 3D object","volume":"167","author":"Eli\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20948","article-title":"New perspectives in forensic anthropology","volume":"51","author":"Dirkmaat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yearbook of Physical Anthropology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computerized 3D craniofacial landmark identification and analysis","volume":"1","author":"Raijion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90375-0","article-title":"Photocephalometry: errors of projection and landmark location","volume":"86","author":"Phillips","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811004555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811004555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T06:24:54Z","timestamp":1713075894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073811004555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073811004555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}