{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:01:47Z","timestamp":1791093707191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,18]],"date-time":"2011-12-18T21:20:45Z","timestamp":1324243245000},"page":"189-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The effect of sodium fluoride preservative and storage temperature on the stability of 6-acetylmorphine in horse blood, sheep vitreous and deer muscle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poppy A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. David","family":"Osselton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00107-8","article-title":"Opiate concentrations following the ingestion of poppy seed products\u2014evidence for \u2018the poppy seed defence\u2019","volume":"96","author":"Meadway","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200645040-00005","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of heroin and its major metabolites","volume":"45","author":"Rook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32246-9","article-title":"Hydrolysis of diacetylmorphine (heroin) by human-serum cholinesterase","volume":"215","author":"Lockridge","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03090.x","article-title":"Human erythrocyte but not brain acetylcholinesterase hydrolyses heroin to morphine","volume":"P. 26","author":"Salmon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/15.1.1","article-title":"Forensic drug-testing for opiates: 1. Detection of 6-acetylmorphine in urine as an indicator of recent heroin exposure\u2014drug and assay considerations and detection times","volume":"15","author":"Cone","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.6.390","article-title":"Screening for illicit heroin use in patients in a heroin-assisted treatment program","volume":"30","author":"Rook","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.8.469","article-title":"Vitreous fluid quantification of opiates, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine: comparison of calibration curves in both blood and vitreous matrices with corresponding concentrations in blood","volume":"31","author":"Antonides","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/23.3.168","article-title":"Detection of 6-acetylmorphine in vitreous humour and cerebrospinal fluid\u2014comparison with urinary analysis for proving heroin administration in opiate fatalities","volume":"23","author":"Pragst","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/18.1.22","article-title":"Disposition of heroin and its metabolites in heroin-related deaths","volume":"18","author":"Goldberger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.5.488","article-title":"Current Progress on esterases: from molecular structure to function","volume":"30","author":"Satoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.001","article-title":"The effect of storage temperature and sodium fluoride preservative on the stability of cocaine in horse blood, sheep vitreous and deer muscle","volume":"217","author":"Rees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13963J","article-title":"Post-mortem stability of cocaine and cocaethylene in blood and tissues of humans and rabbits","volume":"41","author":"Moriya","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2787(1999)18:2<119::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"The role of liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry in the determination of heroin and related opioids in biological fluids","volume":"18","author":"Pichini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31818d9fdb","article-title":"Determination of morphine and 6-acetylmorphine in blood with use of dried blood spots","volume":"30","author":"Boy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0075","series-title":"Presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Forensic Toxicology Network (FT NET)","article-title":"The stability of opiates in post-mortem blood in the presence or absence of preservative","author":"Wathanafa","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0080","first-page":"867","article-title":"Spontaneous inhibition of bacterial-growth in experimental gram-negative endophthalmitis","volume":"28","author":"Davey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0385","article-title":"Bacterial growth in human vitreous humour","volume":"65","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(89)90120-5","article-title":"A comparative study of the microbiological contamination of post-mortem blood and vitreous humour samples taken for ethanol determination","volume":"43","author":"Harper","year":"1989","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2003433","article-title":"Stability of drugs in stored post-mortem femoral blood and vitreous humour","volume":"49","author":"Holmgren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0530062","article-title":"The differentiation of true and pseudo cholinesterase by organo-phosphorus Compounds","volume":"53","author":"Aldridge","year":"1953","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.09.002","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase, paraoxonase, and albumin esterase, but not carboxylesterase, are present in human plasma","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21180-6","article-title":"Metabolism of cocaine and heroin is catalyzed by the same human liver carboxylesterases","volume":"279","author":"Kamendulis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14769","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.14769","article-title":"Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin","volume":"272","author":"Pindel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.336","article-title":"Variations in content and structure of glycosaminoglycans of the vitreous gel from different mammalian species","volume":"18","author":"Noulas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0125","series-title":"Drug Testing in Alternate Biological Specimens","first-page":"117","article-title":"Drugs of abuse testing in vitreous humor","author":"Levine","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS16084J","article-title":"Drug concentration in selected skeletal muscles","volume":"43","author":"Langford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/28.4.260","article-title":"Post-mortem distribution of heroin metabolites in femoral blood, liver, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humour","volume":"28","author":"Wyman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.A. Rees, P.A. McLaughlin, M.D. Osselton, Validation of a gas chromatography\u2013ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, morphine, codeine and 6acetylmorphine in aqueous solution, blood and skeletal muscle tissue, J. Anal. Toxicol., doi:10.1093\/jat\/bkr006, in press.","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkr006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11061J","article-title":"Effect of sodium-fluoride on cholinesterase activity in post-mortem blood","volume":"30","author":"Baselt","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.07.013","article-title":"Optimized conditions for simultaneous determination of opiates, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in hair samples by GC\u2013MS","volume":"138","author":"Romolo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.4106-4108.1998","article-title":"Oxidation of morphine to 2,2 bimorphine by cylindrocarpon didymium","volume":"64","author":"Stabler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.1.2","article-title":"Stability of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in fresh blood and plasma and post-mortem blood samples","volume":"25","author":"Skopp","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002_bib0165","first-page":"4","article-title":"The structure of pseudomorphine","volume":"257","author":"Bentley","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811005366?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073811005366?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T01:31:34Z","timestamp":1742088694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073811005366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073811005366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}