{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T21:53:29Z","timestamp":1764194009316},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T05:59:54Z","timestamp":1350971994000},"page":"261-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conducted energy devices: Pilot analysis of (non-)attributability of death using a modified Naranjo algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Jason","family":"Payne-James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0005","series-title":"Canada: Excessive and Lethal Force? AMR20\/002\/2004","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0010","series-title":"Document-Canada: Inappropriate and Excessive Use of Tasers, AMR\/20\/002\/2007","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0015","series-title":"\u2018Less than Lethal\u2019? The Use of Stun Weapons in US Law Enforcement, AMR 51\/010\/2008","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0020","series-title":"List of Deaths Following Use of Stun Weapons in US Law Enforcement, AMR 51\/246\/2008","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0025","series-title":"USA: Safety of Tasers Questioned as Death Toll Hits 334-mark (Press release), PRE01\/321\/2008","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.008581","article-title":"Introduction of the TASER into British policing. Implications for UK emergency departments: an overview of electronic weaponry","volume":"21","author":"Bleetman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.11.021","article-title":"Safety and injury profile of conducted energy weapons used by law enforcement officers against criminal suspects","volume":"53","author":"Bozeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31803179a9","article-title":"Can the direct cardiac effects of the electric pulses generated by the TASER\u00ae X26 cause immediate or delayed sudden cardiac arrest in normal adults?","volume":"28","author":"Ideker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3109\/03091900903509149","article-title":"Estimating the probability that the TASER directly causes human ventricular fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.10.014","article-title":"Acidosis, lactate, electrolytes, muscle enzymes, and other factors in the blood of Sus scrofa following repeated TASER\u00ae exposures","volume":"161","author":"Jauchem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.05.003","article-title":"The physiologic effects of a conducted electrical weapon in swine","volume":"50","author":"Esquivel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49403.x","article-title":"Categorization of common domestic mammals based upon their ventricular activation process","volume":"127","author":"Hamlin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.04.009","article-title":"QRS in pigs versus dogs","volume":"62","author":"Hamlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0070","unstructured":"American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), White Paper Report on Excited Delirium Syndrome, ACEP, no city stated, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31818738a0","article-title":"Excited delirium deaths in custody: past and present","volume":"30","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0080","article-title":"Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS): defining based on a review of the literature","author":"Vilke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0085","series-title":"Deaths in or following Custody 1998\/99\u20132008\/09","author":"Independent Police Complaints Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0090","series-title":"Deaths in Police Custody 2000\u20132010","author":"Inquest","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0095","first-page":"267","article-title":"Empirical delineation of the probability spectrum of adverse drug reactions","volume":"29","author":"Naranjo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154","article-title":"A reliable method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"30","author":"Naranjo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01361.x","article-title":"Comparison of two recently published algorithms for assessing the probability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"13","author":"Busto","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0110","first-page":"1709","article-title":"Comparison of three algorithms used to evaluate adverse drug reactions","volume":"43","author":"Michel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31817113b9","article-title":"Conductive electrical devices: a prospective, population-based study of the medical safety of law enforcement use","volume":"64","author":"Eastman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0120","unstructured":"C. Lee, Report of post mortem examination, in: re: Dziekanski, Robert, Coroner's no. 07-270-1054, Coroner's Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2007, pp. 1\u20136."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00432.x","article-title":"Presenting rhythm in sudden deaths temporally proximate to discharge of TASER conducted electrical weapons","volume":"16","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0130","first-page":"68","article-title":"Unexpected arrest-related deaths in America: 12 months of open-source surveillance","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Western J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2001.22665","article-title":"Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium","volume":"19","author":"Stratton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0140","series-title":"Statistics on Police Use of Firearms in England and Wales 2008\u20132009","author":"United Kingdom Home Office","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0145","series-title":"Officer-involved Shooting Review: Analysis of Cases Investigated by the San Diego County District Attorney's Office 1996\u20132006","author":"San Diego District Attorney","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0150","series-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","first-page":"59","article-title":"When should one perform pharmacoepidemiology studies?","author":"Strom","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c853","article-title":"Medical Implications of Taser","volume":"340","author":"Payne-James","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199308000-00014","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: review of published cases","volume":"77","author":"Strazis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073812004537?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073812004537?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:56:28Z","timestamp":1542675388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073812004537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073812004537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}