{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:09:27Z","timestamp":1787062167951,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T11:31:27Z","timestamp":1360755087000},"page":"e37-e41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Primarily unrecognized thoracoabdominal impalement in a motorcyclist"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pircher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Lutz-Bonengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Thierauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.03.034","article-title":"Intracranial impalement with entrance site in the mandibular region: postmortem elucidation of an accidental fall on a wooden plant stick","volume":"209","author":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.001","article-title":"Transorbital intracranial impalement injuries by wooden foreign bodies: clinical, radiological and forensic aspects","volume":"193","author":"Orszagh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0015","first-page":"46","article-title":"Penetrating injuries of the orbital roof caused by the point of an umbrella","volume":"91","author":"Betz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199603000-00013","article-title":"An unusual death due to screwdriver impalement: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-008-0510-2","article-title":"T\u00f6dliche Pf\u00e4hlungsverletzung durch einen D\u00f6nerspie\u00df","volume":"18","author":"Grassberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050120","article-title":"Unusual explanation for the death of a car passenger","volume":"111","author":"Heide","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-009-0629-9","article-title":"The gardener is always the killer","volume":"19","author":"Ri\u00dfe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.04.010","article-title":"Fatal facial-intracranial impalement injury in an accidental fall from a height: an autopsy case report with a review of the literature","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249303300313","article-title":"Impaling-type head injury in a road traffic incident","volume":"33","author":"Ahmad","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198411000-00015","article-title":"Severe facial injury by impalement","volume":"24","author":"Bowsher","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0055","first-page":"86","article-title":"Impalement injuries of the chest","volume":"43","author":"Edwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ghana Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2010.11.001","article-title":"Fatal thoracic impalement on post-mortem imaging","volume":"13","author":"Germerott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leg. Med. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198607020-00018","article-title":"Chain link fence impalements in a traffic accident","volume":"7","author":"Giusti","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60394-3","article-title":"Impalement injuries to the thorax as a result of motor vehicle accidents","volume":"43","author":"Hyde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0075","first-page":"149","article-title":"An unusual facial impalement injury in a 75-year-old male","volume":"11","author":"Levis","year":"2011","journal-title":"West. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31821d86ea","article-title":"Cranial impalement in a child driving an all-terrain vehicle","volume":"27","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.45.2.176","article-title":"An unusual death due to the impalement of a gear stick into the brain stem through the nasal cavity: a case report","volume":"45","author":"Nozawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.44.2.176","article-title":"A fatal impaling injury in a road traffic accident: a case report","volume":"44","author":"Rautji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39596-0","article-title":"Massive impalement wound of the chest: a case report","volume":"75","author":"Romero","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197202000-00009","article-title":"Craniofacial injuries due to impalement on an auto gearshift lever","volume":"12","author":"Steckler","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480106700618","article-title":"Mediastinal impalement with survival: a case report","volume":"57","author":"Tsuei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(97)90053-X","article-title":"Multiple impalement with survival","volume":"15","author":"Vaslef","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807400818","article-title":"A case of dual thoracoabdominal impalement in vehicular trauma","volume":"74","author":"Winfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0120","first-page":"90","article-title":"T\u00f6dliche Pf\u00e4hlungsverletzung des Brustkorbes durch den Lenkradschalthebel","volume":"74","author":"Wojahn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Monatsschr. Unfallheilk."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198205000-00017","article-title":"Transfixion injury of the chest","volume":"22","author":"Wood","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10049-004-0682-6","article-title":"Impalement injury with an unusual injury pattern: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Notfall & Rettungsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199503000-00018","article-title":"Fatal impalement injuries after falls at construction sites","volume":"16","author":"Missliwetz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-003-0828-8","article-title":"Transcervical penetrating neck injury","volume":"51","author":"Oestreicher","year":"2003","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198103000-00008","article-title":"Impalement wounds of the head and chest by reinforced steel bars with recovery: an unusual case report","volume":"21","author":"Okumori","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988209000508","article-title":"Steel bar penetrating the skull","volume":"90","author":"Ossoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0155","series-title":"Atlas of Forensic Medicine","author":"Pollak","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760070015","article-title":"Impalement injuries involving the spinal canal","volume":"5","author":"Tokushige","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000214731.23539.3d","article-title":"Unusual facial impalement with wooden material","volume":"117","author":"Eski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-009-1624-z","article-title":"Facial perforation trauma: an unusual injury in a skiing accident","volume":"112","author":"G\u00fcnkel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(93)90021-T","article-title":"Impalement injuries of the palate in children, review of 131 cases","volume":"26","author":"Hellmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-006-0097-7","article-title":"Fatal impalement injury of the head due to a curtain rail","volume":"120","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0185","first-page":"109","article-title":"Oropharyngeal impalement in a case of paranoid hallucinatory schizophrenia","volume":"225","author":"Navarro-Crummenauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Kriminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0190","first-page":"167","article-title":"Not an ordinary case\u2014homicide with impalement of the victim","volume":"200","author":"Sannem\u00fcller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Kriminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0195","first-page":"411","article-title":"Unusual self-inflicted penetrating craniocerebral injury by a nail","volume":"51","author":"Shenoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198903000-00002","article-title":"Anorectal trauma\u2014medicolegal and forensic aspects","volume":"10","author":"Eckert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0205","first-page":"341","article-title":"Homicide by rectal insertion of a walking stick","volume":"45","author":"Ikeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0210","first-page":"146","article-title":"Perforation of the vaginal and rectal areas: self-inflicted or caused by another hand?","volume":"176","author":"Missliwetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Kriminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15345J","article-title":"Fatal anorectal injuries: a series of four cases","volume":"40","author":"Orr","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318149f621","article-title":"Perineal impalements in children: distinguishing accident from abuse","volume":"23","author":"Sugar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01882452","article-title":"A case of murder by impalement","volume":"91","author":"Torre","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z. Rechtsmed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2007.04.002","article-title":"Patterned injuries caused by wooden plank","volume":"15","author":"Wankhede","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Forensic Leg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000127386.54513.ec","article-title":"Fatal impalement with transfixion of the neck in a road traffic accident","volume":"25","author":"Di Nunno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15264J","article-title":"Bizarre impalement fatalities\u2014where is the implement?","volume":"47","author":"Karger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0363-6","article-title":"Experimental simulation of reentry shots using a skin-gelatine composite model","volume":"123","author":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026_bib0250","first-page":"939","article-title":"Humane killing tools","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Pollak","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073813000327?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073813000327?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T10:13:24Z","timestamp":1688033604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073813000327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0379073813000327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}