{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:11:47Z","timestamp":1792149107718,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["fsijournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,6]],"date-time":"2014-09-06T17:17:12Z","timestamp":1410023832000},"page":"e42-e47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diagnosis of torture after 32 years: Assessment of three alleged torture victims during the 1980 military coup in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Umit","family":"Unuvar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halis","family":"Ulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebnem Korur","family":"Fincanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0005","series-title":"2010 Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers Report 2010","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0010","series-title":"Manual on the effective investigation and documentation of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Istanbul Protocol. Professional Training Series No. 8","first-page":"1","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0015","series-title":"Tokyo Declaration","author":"World Medical Association Publications","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0020","series-title":"Hamburg Declaration","author":"World Medical Association Publications","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0025","series-title":"World Medical Association, Resolution on the Responsibility of Physicians in the Documentation and Denunciation of Acts of Torture or Cruel or Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, Helsinki Decision","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0030","series-title":"Atlas of Torture. Use of medical and diagnostic examination results in medical assessment of torture. HRFT Publications, number 52 (in Turkish), Istanbul, 2007, number 68 (in English), Ankara","author":"Ozkalipci","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(88)90229-0","article-title":"Sequelae to torture. A controlled study of torture victims living in exile","volume":"36","author":"Hougen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(88)90113-2","article-title":"Physical and psychological sequelae to torture. A controlled clinical study of exiled asylum applicants","volume":"39","author":"Hougen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(92)90137-L","article-title":"Medical appraisal of allegations of torture and the involvement of doctors in torture","volume":"53","author":"Petersen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0050","first-page":"102","article-title":"Torture against children in rebel captivity in Northern Uganda: physical and psychological effects and implications for clinical practice","volume":"19","author":"P\u2019Olak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0055","first-page":"112","article-title":"Torture and war trauma survivors in primary care practice","volume":"165","author":"Weinstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01766-C","article-title":"Evidence of physical torture in a series of children","volume":"75","author":"Petersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555614346","article-title":"Torture sequelae located to the skin","volume":"61","author":"Danielsen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.05.001","article-title":"Scars of torture: a Sri Lankan study","volume":"14","author":"Perera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Forensic Leg. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.05.010","article-title":"Physical methods of torture and their sequelae: a Sri Lankan perspective","volume":"14","author":"Perera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Forensic Leg. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000163822.22650.f1","article-title":"Forensic medical examination of refugees who claim to have been tortured","volume":"26","author":"Leth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.07.008","article-title":"Torture and its sequel\u2014a comparison between victims from six countries","volume":"137","author":"Moisander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0090","first-page":"343","article-title":"Torture survivor asylum seekers in Italy: the experience of the humanitarian association \u201cDoctors against Torture\u201d","volume":"17","author":"Di Napoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Ig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0095","first-page":"108","article-title":"Dermatological findings after alleged torture","volume":"16","author":"Danielsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Torture"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1313337","article-title":"Primary reconstruction of fingernail injuries in children with split-thickness nail bed grafts","volume":"22","author":"Rohard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.11.011","article-title":"Early complications with flexible intramedullary nailing in childhood fracture: 100 cases managed with precurved tip and shaft nails","volume":"98","author":"Lascombes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0110","first-page":"77","article-title":"Asylum seekers in Denmark. A study of health status and grade traumatization of newly arrived asylum seekers","volume":"18","author":"Masmas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0115","series-title":"Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT) Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers Report 1994","first-page":"97","article-title":"Signs of electrical torture on the skin","author":"Oztop","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2307\/4065406","article-title":"Evaluating asylum seekers\/torture survivors in urban primary care: a collaborative approach at the Bronx Human Rights Clinic","volume":"9","author":"Asgary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Hum. Rights."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0125","first-page":"E22","article-title":"Electric shock ear torture: a rare cause of tympanic membrane perforation and mixed hearing loss","volume":"40","author":"Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00834.x","article-title":"Vitiligo following intense pulsed light treatment","volume":"37","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/120347541201600408","article-title":"Vitiligo and associated autoimmune disease: retrospective review of 300 patients","volume":"16","author":"Sawicki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199901001-00009","article-title":"An unusual cause of burn injury: unsupervised use of drugs that contain psoralens","volume":"20","author":"Turegun","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Burn Care Rehabil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12162","article-title":"Provoking factors, including chemicals, in Dutch patients with vitiligo","volume":"168","author":"Vrijman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0150","first-page":"41","article-title":"Etiology of thrombosed external hemorrhoids","volume":"66","author":"Wronski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2009","article-title":"Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management","volume":"18","author":"Lohsiriwat","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.02.018","article-title":"Persistent pain in survivors of torture: a cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199707)20:7<823::AID-MUS6>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Magnetic nerve root stimulation in two types of brachial plexus injury: segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Oge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0170","first-page":"27","article-title":"The epidemiology of falanga\u2014incidence among Swedish asylum seekers","volume":"1","author":"Edston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92548-G","article-title":"Bone scintigraphy as clue to previous torture","volume":"337","author":"Lok","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0180","series-title":"Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT) Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers Report 1994","first-page":"91","article-title":"Bone scintigraphy as an evidence of previous torture: evidenced of 62 patients","author":"Lok","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05049-1","article-title":"Bone scintigraphy in screening of torture survivors","volume":"352","author":"Mirzaei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.12.019","article-title":"A significant diagnostic method in torture investigation: bone scintigraphy","volume":"226","author":"Ozkalipci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fronsic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282c3a5c1","article-title":"Torture","volume":"20","author":"Wenzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1132","article-title":"Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Steel","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.10.281","article-title":"The interaction of persistent pain and post-traumatic re-experiencing: a qualitative study in torture survivors","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073814003648?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073814003648?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T12:21:34Z","timestamp":1689510094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073814003648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0379073814003648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis of torture after 32 years: Assessment of three alleged torture victims during the 1980 military coup in Turkey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}