{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:22:41Z","timestamp":1778685761430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1001\/PPSK\/813011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PPSK\/813011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["304\/PPSK\/61312009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PPSK\/61312009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["fsijournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T08:40:11Z","timestamp":1415349611000},"page":"110-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Conceptual transitions in methods of skull-photo superimposition that impact the reliability of identification: A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Jayaprakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0005","series-title":"Medico-legal Aspects of the Ruxton Case","first-page":"144","author":"Glaister","year":"1937"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0010","first-page":"284","article-title":"Identification by superimposed photographs","author":"Sen","year":"1962","journal-title":"Int. Crim. Pol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0015","first-page":"37","article-title":"A body identified by forensic odontology and superimposed photographs","volume":"204","author":"Basauri","year":"1967","journal-title":"Int. Crimin. Pol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/1142133","article-title":"A revised superimposition technique for identification of the individual from the skull and photograph","volume":"62","author":"Chandra Sekharan","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Crim. Law Crimin. Pol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0025","first-page":"232","article-title":"A scientific method for positioning of the skull for photography in superimposition studies","volume":"1","author":"Chandra Sekharan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pol. Sci. Admin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9432(73)90050-2","article-title":"Identification of dismembered part: the medicolegal aspects of the Nagaraju case","volume":"2","author":"Reddy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0035","first-page":"158","article-title":"Identity from skeleton \u2013 a case study","volume":"308","author":"Sivaram","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. Crimin. Pol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11568J","article-title":"Photographic superimposition","volume":"28","author":"Dorion","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11737J","article-title":"A method of matching skulls with photographic potraits using landmarks and measurements of the dentition","volume":"29","author":"McKenna","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(89)90215-6","article-title":"The positioning and magnification of faces and skulls for photographic superimposition","volume":"41","author":"Maat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114613","article-title":"Vereinfachite Schadelidentifizierung nach dem superprojektionsver fahren mit Hilfe einer Video Anlage","volume":"80","author":"Helmer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Z. Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0055","first-page":"286","article-title":"Identification of a skull by electronic superimposition of images","author":"Hagemeier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Kriminalistik"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198203000-00009","article-title":"Video camera superimposition and facial reconstruction as an aid to identification","volume":"3","author":"Koelmeyer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11915J","article-title":"Video superimposition of skulls and photographic portraits \u2013 a new aid to identification","volume":"31","author":"Bastiaan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12340J","article-title":"Identification of skulls by video superimposition","volume":"32","author":"Iten","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12484J","article-title":"A method of orientation of skull and camera for use in forensic photographic investigation","volume":"33","author":"McKenna","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01258910","article-title":"Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung \u2013 Bedeutung und Beweiswert","volume":"103","author":"Gruner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Z Rechtsmed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/00085030.1989.10757415","article-title":"The problems of positioning skulls for video superimposition technique","volume":"22","author":"Chandra Sekharan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0485","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"105","article-title":"Positioning the skull for superimposition","author":"Chandra Sekharan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0490","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"29","article-title":"Identification of skulls: a historical review and practical applications","author":"Gruner","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0115","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"161","article-title":"Combined apparatus for photographic and video superimposition","author":"Seta","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13615J","article-title":"The reliability of skull\/photograph superimposition in individual identification","volume":"39","author":"Austin-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01742-2","article-title":"Evaluation of anatomical consistency in cranio-facial superimposition images","volume":"74","author":"Yoshino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01369791","article-title":"Techniques in facial identification: computer-aided facial reconstruction using a laser scanner and video superimposition","volume":"108","author":"Shahrom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14538J","article-title":"Video superimposition at the C.A. Pound Laboratory 1987 to 1992","volume":"44","author":"Austin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0140","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences","first-page":"807","article-title":"Facial identification: skull-photo superimposition","author":"Yoshino","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00455-2","article-title":"Cranio-facial morphanalysis: a new method for enhancing reliability while identifying skulls by photo superimposition","volume":"117","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00364-9","article-title":"Skeletal remains of Dr. Eugenio Antonio Berrios Sagredo","volume":"116","author":"Solla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.12.035","article-title":"Victim of a dictatorial regime: identification of Mr. Roberto Gomensoro Josman","volume":"151","author":"\u0130\u015fcan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00624.x","article-title":"Skull-photo superimposition and border deaths: identification through exclusion and the failure to exclude","volume":"53","author":"Fenton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13050J","article-title":"A methodology for near-optimal computational superimposition of two dimensional digital facial photographs and three-dimensional cranial surface meshes","volume":"36","author":"Nickerson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11987J","article-title":"Computer-assisted photographic superimposition","volume":"37","author":"Ubelaker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0175","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"131","article-title":"Shape analytical morphometry in computer-aided skull identification via video superimposition","author":"Delfino","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01844829","article-title":"A new approach to computer-aided comparison of skull and photograph","volume":"108","author":"Bajnoczky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0185","series-title":"Digital Color Imaging in Biomedicine","first-page":"73","article-title":"Digital imaging in forensic medicine","author":"Matsui","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00334-7","article-title":"The identification of a dismembered human body: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"137","author":"Bilge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.070","article-title":"An unusual case of cranial image recognition","volume":"148","author":"Ghosh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0200","first-page":"101","article-title":"Craniofacial identification by computer-mediated superimposition","volume":"75","author":"Al-Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Forensic Odontostomal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000202809.96283.88","article-title":"A new experimental approach to computer-aided face\/skull identification in forensic anthropology","volume":"27","author":"Ricci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.12.029","article-title":"An experimental study on the applicability of evolutionary algorithms to craniofacial superimposition in forensic identification","volume":"179","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0494-9","article-title":"Superimposition technique for skull identification using Afloat\u00ae software","volume":"124","author":"Birngruber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0220","first-page":"198.e1","article-title":"An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample","volume":"216","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0225","series-title":"The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine","author":"Krogman","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0230","series-title":"Forensic Art and Illustration","first-page":"96","author":"Taylor","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0235","series-title":"Essentials of Forensic Anthropology","first-page":"229","author":"Stewart","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0240","series-title":"Forensic Approaches to Death, Disater and Abuse","first-page":"133","article-title":"Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia","author":"Stephan","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0100","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"171","article-title":"Standards for skull to photo superimposition","author":"Cai","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0245","series-title":"Forensic Anthropology; case studies from Europe.","first-page":"203","article-title":"Forensic anthropology in Hungary","author":"Susa","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0250","series-title":"Annual Reports","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0255","series-title":"Perspective Plan for Indian Forensics: Final Report Presented to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India","author":"Misra","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0260","series-title":"9th Biennaial Meeting of the International Association for Craniofacial Identification","article-title":"A history of Smithsonian\u2013FBI collaboration in forensic anthropology, especially in regard to facial imagery","author":"Ubelaker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(96)01933-0","article-title":"Current research and case work activities of criminalistics in Japan","volume":"80","author":"Seta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12776J","article-title":"A study on the standard for forensic anthropologic identification of skull-image superimposition","volume":"34","author":"Chai","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0270","series-title":"XIV All India Forensic Science Conference","article-title":"Cranio-facial morphanalysis: its value in unraveling apparent matches during skull-photo superimposition as wrong matches","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0275","series-title":"Craniofacial identification in forensic medicine","first-page":"151","article-title":"Superimposition techniques","author":"Taylor","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00454-0","article-title":"An economised craniofacial identification system","volume":"117","author":"Ghosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198607030-00006","article-title":"Computer-aided skull\/face superimposition","volume":"7","author":"Delfino","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0295","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"119","article-title":"Technical advances in skull-to-photo superimposition","author":"Lan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0300","series-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face in Medicine","first-page":"7","author":"Farkas","year":"1981"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11592J","article-title":"The points of attachment of the palpebral ligaments: their use in facial reconstructions on the skull","volume":"28","author":"Stewart","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0310","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"1","article-title":"Craniofacial image analysis and reconstruction","author":"\u0130\u015fcan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0315","series-title":"Introduction to Forensic Anthropology: A Textbook","first-page":"357","author":"Byers","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0320","series-title":"The Use of Forensic Anthropology","first-page":"128","author":"Pickering","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0325","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"199","article-title":"The relationship of skull morphology to facial features","author":"Fedosyutkin","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0330","first-page":"426","article-title":"On a tubercle on the malar bone, and on the lateral attachments of the tarsal plates","volume":"45","author":"Whitnall","year":"1911","journal-title":"J. Anat. Physiol. London"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0335","series-title":"Anatomy of the Human Body","author":"Gray","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0495","series-title":"Eye Muscles (Rectus lateralis, Rectus medialis, Rectus superior, Rectus inferior, Inferior oblique, Superior oblique, and Orbicularis oculi)","author":"American Academy of Manual Medicine","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00718.x","article-title":"The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification","volume":"53","author":"Stephan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0350","series-title":"Forensic Facial Reconstruction","first-page":"94","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0355","series-title":"Forensic Osteology: Advances in the Identification of Human Remains","first-page":"229","article-title":"New questions (and some answers) on the facial reproduction techniques","author":"Caldwell","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0360","series-title":"Cranio-facial Morphanalysis: A New Method to Enhance Forensic Identification of Skull by Photo-superimposition; and an Analysis on the Preadolescent Permanence of Skull Suture Patterns","first-page":"80","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0850-7","article-title":"Pitfalls at the root of facial assessment on photographs: a quantitative study of accuracy in positioning facial landmarks","volume":"127","author":"Cummaudo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.023","article-title":"Investigation into the use of photoanthropometry in facial image comparison","volume":"212","author":"Moreton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2012.08.003","article-title":"Orbital Anatomy for the Surgeon","volume":"24","author":"Turvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0380","first-page":"97","article-title":"Soft-tissue facial anthropometry in three dimensions: from anatomical landmarks to digital morphology in research, clinics and forensic anthropology","volume":"84","author":"Sforza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anthropol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2005.10.002","article-title":"How effective are landmarks and their geometry for face recognition?","volume":"102","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Computerv. Image Underst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(92)90142-J","article-title":"Facial measurements as an aid to recognition","volume":"56","author":"Catterick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e","article-title":"International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups\/races","volume":"16","author":"Farkas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00149-3","article-title":"Computer-assisted facial image identification system using a 3-D physiognomic range finder","volume":"109","author":"Yoshino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0405","series-title":"Forensic Analysis of the Skull \u2013 Craniofacial Analysis, Reconstruction and Identification","first-page":"57","article-title":"Introduction of techniques for photographic comparison: potential and problems","author":"\u0130\u015fcan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0410","series-title":"Forensic Art and Illustration","first-page":"477","article-title":"Methods of superimposition","author":"Glassman","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0415","first-page":"284","article-title":"A concept of facial esthetics","volume":"40","author":"Peck","year":"1970","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/sym2020466","article-title":"Fluctuating asymmetry: methods, theory, and applications","volume":"2","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4098\/AT.arch.93-40","article-title":"Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator for differentiation among roe deer Capreolus capreolus populations","volume":"38","author":"Markowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Theriol. (Warsz.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1992.51","article-title":"Fluctuating asymmetry: a biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress","volume":"68","author":"Parsons","year":"1992","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01231.x","article-title":"Environmental versus genetic influences on fluctuating asymmetry in the house fly, Musca domestica","volume":"70","author":"Chapman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0440","first-page":"70","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians: an anthropometrical study","volume":"51","author":"Farkas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0445","first-page":"43","article-title":"Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces","volume":"61","author":"Peck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091310402","article-title":"The influence of asymmetry of the muscles of mastication upon the bones of the face","volume":"131","author":"Rogers","year":"1958","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00117.x","article-title":"Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry","volume":"56","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.01.018","article-title":"Virtual anthropology and forensic arts: the facial reconstruction of Ferrante Gonzaga","volume":"37","author":"Benazzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0290","first-page":"169","article-title":"Electronic skull identification device","volume":"1","author":"Chandra Sekharan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci. Soc. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0465","first-page":"35","article-title":"Skull-photo superimposition: a remedy to the problem of unidentified dead in Malaysia","volume":"1","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malays. J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11051J","article-title":"In vivo measurements of facial tissue thicknesses in American Caucasoid children","volume":"30","author":"Hodson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043_bib0475","series-title":"Forensic Anthropology Training Manual","first-page":"225","author":"Burns","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073814004629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073814004629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T21:00:00Z","timestamp":1717534800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073814004629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S0379073814004629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Conceptual transitions in methods of skull-photo superimposition that impact the reliability of identification: A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}