{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:55:05Z","timestamp":1793332505184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,21]],"date-time":"2015-10-21T13:43:03Z","timestamp":1445434983000},"page":"341-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pattern injuries from blows with the muzzle end of a handgun"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Geisenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.014","article-title":"Medical criminalistics","volume":"165","author":"Pollak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15433J","article-title":"Identification of a killer by a definitive sneaker pattern and his beating instruments by their distinctive patterns","volume":"41","author":"Zugibe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30174-4","article-title":"Patterns of injury. Blunt and sharp","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0165","series-title":"Handbook of Forensic Medicine","first-page":"258","article-title":"Blunt force injury","author":"Pollak","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.01.010","article-title":"Skin blister formation together with patterned intradermal hematoma: A special type of tire mark injury in victims run over by a wheel","volume":"249","author":"Pircher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0175","first-page":"384","article-title":"Recognition of pattern injuries in domestic violence victims","volume":"1","author":"Smock","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0180","first-page":"396","article-title":"Blunt force trauma","volume":"1","author":"Pollak","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0185","first-page":"239","article-title":"Experimental studies on the relation of the crime instrument and the tear wound with special reference to edge injuries","volume":"54","author":"Janssen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Dtsch. Z. Ges. Gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12631J","article-title":"Toolmarks and peculiar blunt force injuries related to an adjustable wrench","volume":"34","author":"Takizawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13303J","article-title":"Distinctive blunt force injuries caused by a crescent wrench","volume":"37","author":"Clark","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0200","first-page":"82","article-title":"Friction blisters on the palms of suspects: a sign of unaccustomed physical work potentially related to crime","volume":"5","author":"Pollak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fol. Soc. Med. Leg. Slov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0205","first-page":"130","article-title":"Humane killing tools","volume":"4","author":"Pollak","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0210","first-page":"193","article-title":"Analysis of gunshot injuries with a livestock gun","volume":"49","author":"Faller-Marquardt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Beitr. Gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.08.029","article-title":"Muzzle imprint mark: a patterned injury which may be constituted of intradermal blood extravasations","volume":"244","author":"Pircher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0220","series-title":"Pergamon Press","first-page":"100","article-title":"The Essentials of Forensic Medicine","author":"Polson","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0225","series-title":"Gunshot Wounds. Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics and Forensic Techniques","first-page":"270","author":"Di Maio","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0230","series-title":"Forensic Pathology. Principles and Practice","first-page":"163","article-title":"Firearm injuries","author":"Lew","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0235","series-title":"Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death","first-page":"460","article-title":"Blunt force injury","author":"Spitz","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0240","series-title":"Praxis der Rechtsmedizin","first-page":"83","article-title":"Verletzung durch stumpfe Gewalt","author":"Schulz","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0245","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pistols and revolvers as striking tools","volume":"184","author":"Pollak","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Kriminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0250","first-page":"374","article-title":"Defense wounds","volume":"1","author":"Pollak","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0255","series-title":"Atlas of Forensic Medicine, CD-ROM","author":"Pollak","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0260","first-page":"50","article-title":"Pistol as a striking instrument; butt punch injury","volume":"44","author":"Abele","year":"1955","journal-title":"Dtsch. Z. Ges. Gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0265","first-page":"742","article-title":"Pistol as the instrument of beating","volume":"44","author":"W\u00f6lkart","year":"1956","journal-title":"Dtsch. Z. Ges. Gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12314J","article-title":"Identification of the murder weapon by intricate patterned injury measurements","volume":"31","author":"Zugibe","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198607030-00014","article-title":"Unusual blunt force wound produced by a gun muzzle","volume":"7","author":"Hanzlick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02077045","article-title":"Trace evidence in coincidence of blunt force and gunshot injury","volume":"71","author":"Bonte","year":"1972","journal-title":"Z. Rechtsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00021-5","article-title":"Morphological imprint: determination of the injury-causing weapon from wound morphology using forensic 3D\/CAD-supported photogrammetry","volume":"132","author":"Thali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018_bib0290","first-page":"41","article-title":"The pistol as striking tool","volume":"140","author":"Polondi","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch. Kriminol."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073815004107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073815004107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T16:51:25Z","timestamp":1548694285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073815004107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0379073815004107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pattern injuries from blows with the muzzle end of a handgun","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.09.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}