{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:37:28Z","timestamp":1790617048342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T18:06:57Z","timestamp":1550858817000},"page":"228-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dental age estimation: The chronology of mineralization and eruption of male third molars with 3T MRI"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"297","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Widek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Genet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Merkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Boldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquie","family":"Vallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","article-title":"Criteria for age estimation in living individuals","volume":"122","author":"Schmeling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0010","first-page":"211","article-title":"A new system of dental age assessment","volume":"45","author":"Demirjian","year":"1973","journal-title":"Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-002-0182-2","article-title":"Untersuchungen zum zeitlichen Verlauf der Weisheitszahnmineralisation bei einer deutschen Population","volume":"13","author":"Olze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2003.09.005","article-title":"Studies on the chronology of third molar mineralization in a Japanese population","volume":"6","author":"Olze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Legal Med. (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0530-3","article-title":"Evaluation of chronological age based on third molar development in the Spanish population","volume":"119","author":"Prieto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2004.08.003","article-title":"Studies on the progress of third-molar mineralisation in a Black African population","volume":"57","author":"Olze","year":"2006","journal-title":"Homo"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.08.014","article-title":"The chronology of third molar mineralization in the Austrian population-a contribution to forensic age estimation","volume":"169","author":"Meinl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-012-0773-8","article-title":"Radiological age estimation: based on third molar mineralization and eruption in Turkish children and young adults","volume":"126","author":"Karadayi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2007.00534.x","article-title":"Studies of the Chronological Course of Wisdom Tooth Eruption in a Black African Population","volume":"52","author":"Olze","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.02.008","article-title":"Studies of the chronological course of wisdom tooth eruption in a German population","volume":"15","author":"Olze","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Forensic Legal Med."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.04.218","article-title":"Studies of the chronological course of wisdom tooth eruption in a Japanese population","volume":"174","author":"Olze","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0060","first-page":"32","article-title":"Dental age estimation based on third molar eruption in First Nation people of Canada","volume":"28","author":"Olze","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Forensic Odontostomatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0065","article-title":"The chronology of third molar eruption in the Croatian population","volume":"35","author":"Brkic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0600-7","article-title":"Chronological course of third molar eruption in a Portuguese population","volume":"126","author":"Caldas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0075","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the fully formed wisdom tooth as a radiological marker of adulthood","author":"Haglund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13132","article-title":"Dental age estimation: a test of the reliability of correctly identifying a subject over 18 years of age using the gold standard of chronological age as the comparator","volume":"61","author":"Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1877-6","article-title":"Estimating age and the probability of being at least 18 years of age using third molars: a comparison between Black and White individuals living in South Africa","volume":"132","author":"Uys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/lds014","article-title":"Medical, statistical, ethical and human rights considerations in the assessment of age in children and young people subject to immigration control","volume":"102","author":"Aynsley-Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0095","article-title":"Age assessment by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a preliminary study","volume":"217","author":"Dedouit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","article-title":"Age determination by magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in adolescent male football players","volume":"41","author":"Dvorak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1978-1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the medial extremity of the clavicle in forensic bone age determination: a new four-minute approach","volume":"21","author":"Hillewig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1385-3","article-title":"Assessment of skeletal age at the wrist in children with a new ultrasound device","volume":"35","author":"Mentzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0220-4","article-title":"Ultrasound studies on the time course of clavicular ossification","volume":"122","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9548-5","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the iliac crest: age estimation in under-20 soccer players","volume":"10","author":"Wittschieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0844-5","article-title":"Age estimation by magnetic resonance imaging of the distal tibial epiphysis and the calcaneum","volume":"127","author":"Saint-Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.06.001","article-title":"Dental age estimation of living persons: comparison of MRI with OPG","volume":"253","author":"Baumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1238-7","article-title":"Dental age estimation in living individuals using 3.0T MRI of lower third molars","volume":"129","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1202321","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars: developing a protocol suitable for forensic age estimation","volume":"44","author":"De Tobel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1223884","article-title":"Forensic age estimation based on magnetic resonance imaging of third molars: converting 2D staging into 3D staging","volume":"44","author":"De Tobel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0150","first-page":"117","article-title":"Forensic age estimation based on development of third molars: a staging technique for magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"35","author":"De Tobel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Forensic Odontostomatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0155","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation: comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure","author":"De Tobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/s001170050600","article-title":"Magnetic resonance tomography in dental radiology (dental MRI)","volume":"39","author":"Gahleitner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2209-0","article-title":"Mr-imaging of teeth and periodontal apparatus: an experimental study comparing high-resolution MRI with MDCT and CBCT","volume":"21","author":"Gaudino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-009-0277-1","article-title":"Three-dimensional localization of impacted teeth using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"14","author":"Tymofiyeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0175","series-title":"WHO | BMI-for-age (5\u201319 years)","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0180","series-title":"BMI Classifications","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13418J","article-title":"The A.B.F.O. study of third molar development and its use as an estimator of chronological age","volume":"38","author":"Mincer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0171-9","article-title":"Comparative study on the effect of ethnicity on wisdom tooth eruption","volume":"121","author":"Olze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0195","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0200","series-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Statistics","author":"Mood","year":"1974"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0330-2","article-title":"Dental age diagnostics by means of radiographical evaluation of the growth stages of lower wisdom teeth","volume":"123","author":"Knell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","article-title":"Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12617","article-title":"Age estimation in forensic anthropology: quantification of observer error in phase versus component-based methods","volume":"60","author":"Shirley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345810600100201","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the development, emergence, and agenesis of the mandibular third molar","volume":"60","author":"Levesque","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0483-z","article-title":"Studies on the chronology of third molar mineralization in First Nations people of Canada","volume":"124","author":"Olze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-004-0434-7","article-title":"Forensic age estimation in living subjects: the ethnic factor in wisdom tooth mineralization","volume":"118","author":"Olze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-010-0703-3","article-title":"Altersselektion in Referenzstichproben","volume":"20","author":"Gelbrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073818306315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073818306315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T09:40:31Z","timestamp":1556617231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073818306315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0379073818306315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dental age estimation: The chronology of mineralization and eruption of male third molars with 3T MRI","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}