{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T17:00:42Z","timestamp":1770570042874,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T16:18:05Z","timestamp":1741364285000},"page":"112445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Impact of CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes on the EDDP\/methadone metabolic ratio: A comprehensive analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"370","author":[{"given":"Verena","family":"Wilmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Kettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Corvest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel A.","family":"Verhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Kauferstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.14.56","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics of methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"15","author":"Somogyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of methadone","volume":"19","author":"Lugo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pain. Palliat. Care Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs-2020-0040","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics of methadone: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Packiasabapathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw135","article-title":"Tell-Tale SNPs: the role of CYP2B6 in methadone fatalities","volume":"41","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.02.020","article-title":"Effects of cytochrome P450 single nucleotide polymorphisms on methadone metabolism and pharmacodynamics","volume":"153","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.326","article-title":"Current concepts in methadone metabolism and transport","volume":"6","author":"Kharasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm. Drug Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9110292","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics and forensic toxicology: a new step towards a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"9","author":"Di Nunno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00628.x","article-title":"Stereo-selective metabolism of methadone by human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450s: a reconciliation: in vitro metabolism of methadone","volume":"108","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.05.003","article-title":"Role of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the metabolism, disposition, and miotic effects of methadone","volume":"76","author":"Kharasch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026043387070","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of the cytochromes P450","volume":"4","author":"Daly","year":"2004","journal-title":"CTMC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/35015718","article-title":"Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium","volume":"405","author":"Risch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-01004-7","article-title":"Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 and SSRIs","volume":"30","author":"Brouwer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2149","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for CYP2D6, OPRM1, and COMT genotypes and select opioid therapy","volume":"110","author":"Crews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Pharma Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1477","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2B6 and Efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy","volume":"106","author":"Desta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharma Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2526","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2022 update","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharma Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2018.01.011","article-title":"Recommendations for clinical CYP2C19 genotyping allele selection","volume":"20","author":"Pratt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2021.05.013","article-title":"Recommendations for clinical CYP2D6 genotyping allele selection","volume":"23","author":"Pratt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib18","article-title":"Oxycodone findings and CYP2D6 function in postmortem cases","volume":"53","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int.: Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00159-2","article-title":"Post-mortem SNP analysis of CYP2D6 gene reveals correlation between genotype and opioid drug (tramadol) metabolite ratios in blood","volume":"135","author":"Levo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib20","first-page":"284","article-title":"The genetic landscape of major drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes\u2014an updated analysis of population-scale sequencing data","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2019.06.007","article-title":"Characterization of reference materials for genetic testing of CYP2D6 alleles","volume":"21","author":"Gaedigk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.03.003","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic aspects of tramadol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after a single oral dose","volume":"238","author":"Bastami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.004","article-title":"Sequencing CYP2D6 for the detection of poor-metabolizers in post-mortem blood samples with tramadol","volume":"265","author":"Fonseca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200211209050679","article-title":"Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 in an Australian deceased sample","volume":"13","author":"L. Pilgrim","year":"2012","journal-title":"CDM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-016-9656-y","article-title":"Precision medicine for tobacco dependence: development and validation of the nicotine metabolite ratio","volume":"11","author":"Allenby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.02.011","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activity*1","volume":"76","author":"Dempsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.02.006","article-title":"Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation","volume":"79","author":"Lerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.10.016","article-title":"Nicotine metabolic rate predicts successful smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine: a validation study","volume":"92","author":"Schnoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073825000830?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0379073825000830?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T22:53:34Z","timestamp":1745880814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0379073825000830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0379073825000830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-0738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Impact of CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes on the EDDP\/methadone metabolic ratio: A comprehensive analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112445","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112445"}}