{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:52:16Z","timestamp":1792169536657,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["facialplastic.theclinics.com","mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T06:00:36Z","timestamp":1402380036000},"page":"447-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Laser and Face Peel Procedures in Non-Caucasians"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Been","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devinder S.","family":"Mangat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I-VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib2","unstructured":"The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank Statistics. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.surgery.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Stats2013_3.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2014."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02007.x","article-title":"Aesthetic dermatology for aging ethnic skin","volume":"37","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253501","article-title":"The aging African-American face","volume":"26","author":"Brissett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120790","article-title":"Skin of color: biology, structure, function, and implications for dermatologic disease","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(79)70018-1","article-title":"Photoprotection by melanin\u2014a comparison of black and Caucasian skin","volume":"1","author":"Kaidbey","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70446-0","article-title":"Basic laser principles","volume":"15","author":"Herd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1224796","article-title":"Laser therapy in ethnic populations","volume":"23","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12535","article-title":"Chemical peeling in ethnic skin: an update","volume":"169","author":"Salam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0038-4","article-title":"Treatment of melasma with topical agents, peels and lasers: an evidence-based review","volume":"14","author":"Rivas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000154419.18653.2e","article-title":"Light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations in patients with melasma","volume":"27","author":"Grimes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib12","first-page":"20","article-title":"Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color","volume":"3","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.12.039","article-title":"Treatment of melasma","volume":"54","author":"Rendon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00014.x","article-title":"Glycolic peels for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in black patients: a comparative study","volume":"23","author":"Burns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08145.x","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of salicylic acid chemical peels in darker racial ethnic groups","volume":"25","author":"Grimes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2009.04.001","article-title":"Management of hyperpigmentation in darker racial ethnic groups","volume":"28","author":"Grimes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib17","first-page":"385","article-title":"Efficacy of hydroquinone (2%) versus tretinoin (0.025%) as adjunct topical agents for chemical peeling in patients of melasma","volume":"30","author":"Nanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib18","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of 30% salicylic acid with Jessner\u2019s solution for superficial chemical peeling in epidermal melasma","volume":"18","author":"Ejaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.48985","article-title":"A\u00a0study comparing chemical peeling using modified Jessner's solution and 15% trichloroacetic acid versus 15% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of melasma","volume":"54","author":"Safoury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08103.x","article-title":"Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing for refractory melasma","volume":"25","author":"Manaloto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib21","first-page":"1196","article-title":"Intense pulsed light for the treatment of refractory melasma in Asian persons","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12526","article-title":"Lasers and light-based therapies in ethnic skin: treatment options and recommendations for Fitzpatrick skin types V and VI","volume":"169","author":"Alexis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01672.x","article-title":"Review of the literature: treatment of dyspigmentation with fractionated resurfacing","volume":"36","author":"Tierney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01643.x","article-title":"Treatment of facial postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with facial acne in Asian patients using a Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120791","article-title":"Acne vulgaris in skin of color","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib26","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Nonablative 1450-nm diode laser in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in type IV to V Asian skin: a prospective clinical study","volume":"30","author":"Chua","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib27","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Fractional laser resurfacing of acne scarring in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI","volume":"10","author":"Alexis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21092","article-title":"Acne scars in ethnic skin treated with both non-ablative fractional 1,550 nm and ablative fractional CO2 lasers: comparative retrospective analysis with recommended guidelines","volume":"43","author":"Alajlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02134.x","article-title":"Fractional rejuvenation using a novel bipolar radiofrequency system in Asian skin","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib30","first-page":"301","article-title":"Side effects and complications of fractional laser photothermolysis: experience with 961 treatments","volume":"34","author":"Graber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04020.x","article-title":"Chemical peeling in ethnic\/dark skin","volume":"17","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/14628830050516407","article-title":"Treatment of keloid scars with pulsed dye laser and intralesional steroid","volume":"2","author":"Conell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Laser Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182a97e43","article-title":"Laser therapy for prevention and treatment of pathologic excessive scars","volume":"132","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib34","first-page":"489","article-title":"The treatment of eruptive syringomas in an African American patient with a combination of trichloroacetic acid and CO2 laser destruction","volume":"27","author":"Frazier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.01971.x","article-title":"Laser eradication of pigmented lesions: a review","volume":"37","author":"Polder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-0486(98)90001-1","article-title":"Cutaneous laser surgery","volume":"10","author":"Stratigos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.124081","article-title":"Treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae in skin types IV, V, and VI with a long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser","volume":"47","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib38","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Advances in laser hair removal in skin of color","volume":"10","author":"Battle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib39","first-page":"191","article-title":"Patient satisfaction and complications following laser hair removal in ethnic skin","volume":"11","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib40","first-page":"40","article-title":"Comparison of adverse events of laser and light-assisted hair removal systems in skin types IV-VI","volume":"6","author":"Breadon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10695.x","article-title":"Long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser vs. intense pulsed light for hair removal in dark skin: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120789","article-title":"Defining pseudofolliculitis barbae in 2001: a review of the literature and current trends","volume":"46","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012_bib43","first-page":"98","article-title":"Low-fluence 1,064-nm laser hair reduction for pseudofolliculitis barbae in skin types IV, V, and VI","volume":"35","author":"Schulze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064740614000595?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064740614000595?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T13:56:28Z","timestamp":1538574988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1064740614000595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1064740614000595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Laser and Face Peel Procedures in Non-Caucasians","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}