{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:43:34Z","timestamp":1773441814588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T01:27:27Z","timestamp":1346462847000},"page":"1076-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evolutionary analysis of Antarctic teleost Toll-like receptor 2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Varriale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Ferraresso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bargelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Oreste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti263","article-title":"ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution","volume":"21","author":"Abascal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq351","article-title":"Molecular evolution of Toll-like receptor multigene family in birds","volume":"28","author":"Alcaide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-189","article-title":"Algorithms for incorporating prior topological information in HMMs: application to transmembrane proteins","volume":"7","author":"Bagos","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2006.04.005","article-title":"Structural characterization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 2 gene from catfish","volume":"22","author":"Baoprasertkul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000562","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000562","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of human Toll-like receptors and their different contributions to host defence","volume":"5","author":"Barreiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505077102","article-title":"The molecular structure of the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand-binding domain","volume":"102","author":"Bell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib7","series-title":"Interaction models for water in relation to protein hydration","author":"Berendsen","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2007.11.005","article-title":"Evidence for positive selection in the TLR9 gene of teleosts","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib9","first-page":"210","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: an overview from invertebrates to vertebrates","volume":"8","author":"Coscia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inv Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl175","article-title":"A\u00a0combined empirical and mechanistic codon model","volume":"24","author":"Doron-Faigenboim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib11","series-title":"Inferring phylogenies","author":"Felsenstein","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp985","article-title":"The PFAM protein families database","volume":"38","author":"Finn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib13","series-title":"The proteomics protocols handbook","first-page":"571","article-title":"Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server","author":"Gasteiger","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.76.060305.151318","article-title":"Structure and function of Toll receptors and their ligands","volume":"76","author":"Gay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012713","article-title":"Molecular modeling-based evaluation of hTLR10 and identification of potential ligands in Toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"5","author":"Govindaraj","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","article-title":"A\u00a0simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood","volume":"52","author":"Guindon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-004-0657-2","article-title":"Characterization of gene structure and expression of two toll-like receptors from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus","volume":"56","author":"Hirono","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib18","first-page":"166","article-title":"Tmbase \u2013 a database of membrane spanning proteins segments","volume":"374","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-288","article-title":"Molecular evolution of bovine Toll-like receptor 2 suggests substitutions of functional relevance","volume":"8","author":"Jann","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.001","article-title":"Toll-like receptor gene family and TIR-domain adapters in Danio rerio","volume":"40","author":"Jault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.008","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of the tri-acetylated lipopeptide","volume":"130","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.018","article-title":"Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer","volume":"31","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.2","article-title":"Protein structure prediction on the web: a case study using the Phyre server","volume":"4","author":"Kelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protocols"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.11.012","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of TLR9, MyD88 and TRAF6 genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio","volume":"30","author":"Kongchum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi105","article-title":"Not so different after all: a comparison of methods for detecting amino acid sites under selection","volume":"22","author":"Kosakovsky Pond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351515","article-title":"Structure-function relationships of Toll-like receptor domains through homology modelling and molecular dynamics","volume":"35","author":"Kubarenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","article-title":"Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0","volume":"23","author":"Larkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889892009944","article-title":"PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structure","volume":"26","author":"Laskowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.008","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn808","article-title":"SMART 6: recent updates and new developments","volume":"37","author":"Letunic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155406","article-title":"Structural basis of Toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA","volume":"320","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-8-124","article-title":"Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats LRR, within vertebrate toll-like receptors","volume":"8","author":"Matsushima","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.003","article-title":"Expression analysis of the Toll-like receptor and TIR domain adaptor families of zebrafish","volume":"40","author":"Meijer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11861","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C800001200","article-title":"The crystal structure of the human Toll-like receptor 10 cytoplasmic domain reveals a putative signaling dimer","volume":"283","author":"Nyman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2079","article-title":"The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"7","author":"O'Neill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2957","article-title":"MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"11","author":"O'Neill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-002-0519-8","article-title":"Prediction of the prototype of human Toll-like receptor gene family from the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, genome","volume":"54","author":"Oshiumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07830","article-title":"The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex","volume":"458","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2009.10.002","article-title":"Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"34","author":"Patli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.03.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in bony fish: from genomics to function","volume":"35","author":"Patli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti320","article-title":"Datamonkey: rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments","volume":"21","author":"Pond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900990","article-title":"Evolution of recognition of ligands from Gram-positive bacteria: similarities and differences in the TLR2-mediated response between mammalian vertebrates and teleost fish","volume":"184","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801755","article-title":"Evolution of Lipopolysaccharide LPS, recognition and signaling: fish TLR4 does not recognize LPS and negatively regulates NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"182","author":"Sepulcre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W506","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm382","article-title":"Selecton 2007: advanced models for detecting positive and purifying selection using a Bayesian inference approach","volume":"35","author":"Stern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(97)00130-2","article-title":"A\u00a0Shannon entropy analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor","volume":"34","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.45.1","article-title":"Evidence of molecular Toll-like receptor mechanisms in teleost","volume":"45","author":"Takano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fish Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876","article-title":"The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools","volume":"25","author":"Thompson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20291","article-title":"GROMACS: fast, flexible, and free","volume":"26","author":"Van Der Spoel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-010-0697-5","article-title":"A\u00a0leucine-rich repeat assembly approach for homology modeling of human TLR5-10 and mouse TLR11-13 ectodomains","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.02.016","article-title":"Cloning and expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 from a teleost fish, the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides","volume":"141","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115253","article-title":"Crystal structure of human toll-like receptor 3 TLR3, ectodomain","volume":"309","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/35040600","article-title":"Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor domains","volume":"408","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi097","article-title":"Bayes Empirical Bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088","article-title":"PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"}],"container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464812002732?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464812002732?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T05:06:15Z","timestamp":1760936775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464812002732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1050464812002732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evolutionary analysis of Antarctic teleost Toll-like receptor 2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.07.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}