{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1782809280567,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000882","name":"University of Aberdeen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ewos Innovation and MSD Animal Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T09:32:51Z","timestamp":1425547971000},"page":"316-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The longevity of the antimicrobial response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a peptidoglycan (PG) supplemented diet"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Casadei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Wadsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Vecino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Secombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.11.027","article-title":"The effect of peptidoglycan enriched diets on antimicrobial peptide gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"34","author":"Casadei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.02.028","article-title":"Reduced inflammatory response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed with \u03b2-glucan supplements","volume":"32","author":"Falco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2004.08.003","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of a dietary yeast \u03b2-glucan (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergosan) preparation on immune response in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)","volume":"18","author":"Bagni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.03.372","article-title":"Orally administered LPS enhances head kidney macrophage activation with down-regulation of IL-6 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"34","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2011.01329.x","article-title":"Comparative effects of four feeds types on white spot disease susceptibility and skin immune parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","volume":"35","author":"Xueqin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fish Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3750\/AIP2010.40.1.08","article-title":"Effects of short- and long-term glucan feeding of rainbow trout (Salmonidae) on the susceptibility to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections","volume":"40","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ichthyologia Piscatoria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.09.011","article-title":"Dietary administration of sodium alginate and \u03ba-carrageenan enhances the innate immune response of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus","volume":"121","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.06.015","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of A3\u03b1-peptidoglycan on innate immune responses and defense activity of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","volume":"251","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.037","article-title":"Effects of Ergosan on the expression of cytokine genes in the liver of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to enteric red mouth vaccine","volume":"123","author":"Gioacchini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00019-3","article-title":"Immunostimulation in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal administration of Ergosan","volume":"86","author":"Peddie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.022","article-title":"Evaluation of the ability of barley genotypes containing different amounts of \u03b2-glucan to alter growth and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"141","author":"Sealey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animal Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-7345.2006.00040.x","article-title":"Dietary beta-glucans and nucleotides enhance resistance of red-tail black shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, fam. Cyprinidae) to Streptococcus iniae infection","volume":"37","author":"Russo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0World Aquac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.11.028","article-title":"Effects of dietary ergosan on cutaneous mucosal immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"32","author":"Sheikhzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00699.x","article-title":"Enhancement of resistance against Enterococcus seriolicida infection in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel), by oral administration of peptidoglycan derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum","volume":"19","author":"Itami","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fish Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.020","article-title":"Zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition proteins are bactericidal amidases essential for defense against bacterial infections","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900990","article-title":"Evolution of recognition of ligands from Gram-positive bacteria: similarities and differences in the TLR2-mediated response between mammalian vertebrates and teleost fish","volume":"184","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.02.009","article-title":"Peptidoglycan, not endotoxin, is the key mediator of cytokine gene expression induced in rainbow trout macrophages by crude LPS","volume":"47","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molec Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050263","article-title":"Five different piscidins from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: analysis of their expressions and biological functions","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.07.018","article-title":"Characterization of three novel \u03b2-defensin antimicrobial peptides in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"46","author":"Casadei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molec Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.01.012","article-title":"Discovery of multiple beta-defensin like homologues in teleost fish","volume":"44","author":"Zou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.5053-5064.2005","article-title":"Identification of a novel cathelicidin gene in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"73","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.185-195.2006","article-title":"Two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.05.005","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of two types of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) genes in rainbow trout","volume":"101","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2010.02.023","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides bind more strongly to membrane pores","volume":"1798","author":"Mihajlovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1021\/am100172g","article-title":"Development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for use in self-decontaminating coatings","volume":"2","author":"Fulmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533186100","article-title":"Engineering disulfide bridges to dissect antimicrobial and chemotactic activities of human \u03b2-defensin 3","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203053027520","article-title":"The cathelicidins\u2013structure, function and evolution","volume":"6","author":"Tomasinsig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protein Peptide Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12276","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171012276","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic applications: a review","volume":"17","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/ph7010058","article-title":"Host-defense peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of frogs from the family Pipidae","volume":"7","author":"Conlon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1199","article-title":"Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides","volume":"5","author":"Kuroda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A\u00a0new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.07.013","article-title":"Fish immunity and parasite infections: from innate immunity to immunoprophylactic prospects","volume":"126","author":"Alvarez-Pellitero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.503","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from fish epidermis: perspectives for investigative dermatology","volume":"133","author":"Rakers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib34","first-page":"96","article-title":"Effect of \u03b2-1.3\/1.6-D-glucan derived from oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"33","author":"Dobsikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.01.004","article-title":"Molecular characterization of LEAP-2 cDNA in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the differential expression upon a Vibrio anguillarum stimulus; indications for a significant immune role in skin","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2013.07.006","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two beta-defensin genes in the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)","volume":"166","author":"Laing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol. B Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023417","article-title":"Evidence of an antimicrobial-immunomodulatory role of Atlantic salmon cathelicidins during infection with Yersinia ruckeri","volume":"6","author":"Bridle","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.05.001","article-title":"Tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3 as a transgene in transgenic fish enhances resistance to Vibrio vulnificus infection and causes variations in immune-related genes after infection by different bacterial species","volume":"29","author":"Hsieh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.03.011","article-title":"Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) hepcidin-1 and hepcidin-2 possess antimicrobial activity and promote resistance against bacterial and viral infection","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"}],"container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464815000984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464815000984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T17:21:06Z","timestamp":1537809666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464815000984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1050464815000984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The longevity of the antimicrobial response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a peptidoglycan (PG) supplemented diet","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.02.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}