{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:58:44Z","timestamp":1786989524229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007841","name":"Council of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T09:10:59Z","timestamp":1589361059000},"page":"159-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunostimulatory effects of Sarcodia suiae water extracts on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Po-Tsang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Ming","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan-Hua","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Yang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chou","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib1","series-title":"FAO Aquaculture Newsletter","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib2","series-title":"FAO Aquaculture Newsletter","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9279-x","article-title":"Immunological control of fish diseases","volume":"12","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010022","article-title":"Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp","volume":"41","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib5","first-page":"4508","article-title":"The response of new-season Nile tilapia to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Aly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.90294","article-title":"Protective effect of clove oil-supplemented fish diets on experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in tilapia","volume":"73","author":"Rattanachaikunsopon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.03.044","article-title":"Enzootics of visceral granulomas associated with Francisella-like organism infection in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)","volume":"254","author":"Hsieh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib8","series-title":"Conference: Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology","article-title":"Antibiotics resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased seabass and tilapia in cage culture","author":"Hamdan","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12262","article-title":"Lack of association between Flavobacterium columnare genomovar and virulence in hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)xOreochromis aureus (Steindachner)","volume":"38","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711435232","article-title":"Novel brain lesions caused by Edwardsiella tarda in a red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)","volume":"24","author":"Iregui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12358","article-title":"Development of a quantitative PCR assay for monitoring Streptococcus agalactiae colonization and tissue tropism in experimentally infected tilapia","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03084","article-title":"Development of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines for tilapia","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3354\/dao052199","article-title":"Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: effects of different routes of exposure","volume":"52","author":"Bromage","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.06.028","article-title":"The response of fish to immunostimulant diets","volume":"56","author":"Vallejos-Vidal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-019-09898-7","article-title":"Alginate from Sargassum siliquosum simultaneously stimulates innate immunity, upregulates immune genes, and enhances resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)","volume":"21","author":"Yudiati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2009.03.013","article-title":"The efficacy of two immunostimulants against Flavobacterium columnare infection in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"26","author":"Kunttu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40071-018-0208-3","article-title":"Effect of dietary seaweed supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) subjected to rearing temperature and salinity oscillations","volume":"10","author":"Lobo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.04.011","article-title":"Importance of prebiotics in aquaculture as immunostimulants. Effects on immune system of Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax","volume":"54","author":"Carbone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.3923\/javaa.2010.1839.1847","article-title":"Immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with herbal immunostimulants diets","volume":"9","author":"Abasali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib20","first-page":"26","article-title":"Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"2","author":"Abdel-Latif","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2216\/16-31","article-title":"Systematic revision of the widespread species Sarcodia ceylanica (sarcodiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the indo-pacific oceans, including S. suiae sp. nov","volume":"56","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Prieto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-018-2520-4","article-title":"The effect of environmental factors on total arsenic accumulation in Sarcodia suiae, Rhodophyta","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112437","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ethyl acetate fraction of an edible red macroalgae Sarcodia ceylanica","volume":"18","author":"Shih","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10863","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190810863","article-title":"Characterization and antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Sarcodia ceylonensis","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17121988","article-title":"Extraction, Structural characterization, and potential antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides from four seaweeds","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56246-9","article-title":"Sarcodia suieae acetyl-xylogalactan regulate RAW 264.7 macrophage NF-kappa B activation and IL-1 beta cytokine production in macrophage polarization","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib27","series-title":"Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals: Proceedings \u2014 1st Conference on Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals Greenport","first-page":"29","article-title":"Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates","author":"Guillard","year":"1975"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.12.008","article-title":"Red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extract ameliorates lipid metabolism in hamsters fed a high-fat diet","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/polym8050188","article-title":"Repair effect of seaweed polysaccharides with different contents of sulfate group and molecular weights on damaged HK-2 Cells","volume":"8","author":"Bhadja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.12.020","article-title":"Studies of macrophage cellular response to the extracellular hydrogen peroxide by tilapia model","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.05.013","article-title":"Identification and characterization of TLR7, TLR8a2, TLR8b1 and TLR8b2 genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.01.013","article-title":"Development and characterization of a cell line from tilapia head kidney with melanomacrophage characteristics","volume":"49","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.06.022","article-title":"Gene expression analysis of isolated salmonid GALT leucocytes in response to PAMPs and recombinant cytokines","volume":"80","author":"Attaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001203","article-title":"Functional characterization of a nonmammalian IL-21: rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss IL-21 upregulates the expression of the Th cell signature cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-22","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2019.1646216","article-title":"Chemical composition and immunostimulatory properties of green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata","volume":"30","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169678","article-title":"Study of the Antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) and TP4 and their effects on immune functions in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.12.072","article-title":"Application of marine-derived polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review of current knowledge and further perspectives","volume":"86","author":"Mohan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12396","article-title":"Metabolites unravel nutraceutical potential of edible seaweeds: an emerging source of functional food","author":"Tanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.094","article-title":"The efficacy of sulfated polysaccharides from Padina tetrastromatica in modulating the immune functions of RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"88","author":"Jose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3856\/vol40-issue3-fulltext-4","article-title":"Parameters to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of Zymosan A in head kidney leucocytes (HKL) of salmonids","volume":"40","author":"Abarca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050263","article-title":"Five Different piscidins from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: analysis of their expressions and biological functions","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.05.015","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptides piscidins are stored in the granules of professional phagocytic granulocytes of fish and are delivered to the bacteria-containing phagosome upon phagocytosis","volume":"32","author":"Mulero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","article-title":"Innate immune recognition","volume":"20","author":"Janeway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02725","article-title":"Ulvan activates chicken heterophils and monocytes through toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4","volume":"9","author":"Guriec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02292","article-title":"A comparison of the innate and adaptive immune systems in cartilaginous fish, ray-finned fish, and lobe-finned fish","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib46","article-title":"Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"48","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquacult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.11.005","article-title":"Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities in vitro of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Gracilaria rubra","volume":"28","author":"Di","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2012.08.003","article-title":"Immune system and immune responses in fish and their role in comparative immunity study: a model for higher organisms","volume":"148","author":"Rauta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.02.002","article-title":"Immuno-stimulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Codium fragile in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.01.001","article-title":"Transgenic expression of tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) in zebrafish confers resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"74","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1990.tb00798.x","article-title":"Enhancement of non-specific disease resistance in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by a glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls","volume":"13","author":"Robertsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib52","first-page":"113","article-title":"Protective effect of \u03ba-carrageenan against bacterial infections in carp Cyprinus carpio","volume":"42","author":"Fujiki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Faculty Agric."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.01.001","article-title":"Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some non-specific and specific immune parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"19","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."}],"container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464820303430?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464820303430?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T05:22:29Z","timestamp":1760937749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464820303430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S1050464820303430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunostimulatory effects of Sarcodia suiae water extracts on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}