{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:08:27Z","timestamp":1778587707494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H05251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H05251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K0620821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K0620821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T23:33:11Z","timestamp":1656545591000},"page":"659-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Innate immunity in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi developing soft tunic syndrome: Hemolymph can eliminate the causative flagellates and discriminate allogeneic hemocytes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Yanagida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Honjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaji","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euichi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib1","series-title":"Biol. Ascidians","first-page":"436","article-title":"Isolation of marine birnavirus from sea squirts Halocynthia roretzi","author":"Jung","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02228","article-title":"Mass mortality of cultured ascidians Halocynthia roretzi associated with softening of the tunic and flagellate-like cells","volume":"90","author":"Kumagai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02372","article-title":"Soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is caused by a kinetoplastid protist","volume":"95","author":"Kumagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02422","article-title":"Azumiobodo hoyamushi gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Euglenozoa, Kinetoplastea, Neobodonida): a pathogenic kinetoplastid causing the soft tunic syndrome in ascidian aquaculture","volume":"97","author":"Hirose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib5","first-page":"305","article-title":"Soft tunic syndrome of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi cultured in the south coast of Korea is possibly caused by bi-flagellated protists","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Shellfish Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02653","article-title":"Detection of the kinetoplastid Azumiobodo hoyamushi, the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome, in wild ascidians Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"106","author":"Kumagai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.49.206","article-title":"The sea squirt Styela clava is a potential carrier of the kinetoplastid Azumiobodo hoyamushi, the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"49","author":"Kumagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1179-5","article-title":"Seasonal variation in Azumiobodo hoyamushi infection among benthic organisms in the southern coast of Korea","volume":"8","author":"Nam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02913","article-title":"Cellulose is not degraded in the tunic of the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi contracting soft tunic syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1995.1104","article-title":"Phenoloxidase characterization in vacuolar hemocytes from the solitary ascidian Styela plicata","volume":"66","author":"Arizza","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(98)00035-4","article-title":"Phenoloxidase and cytotoxicity in the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri","volume":"22","author":"Ballarin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(98)00054-6","article-title":"Ascidian phenoloxidase: its release from hemocytes, isolation, characterization and physiological roles","volume":"119","author":"Hata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-002-0855-0","article-title":"Involvement of quinones and phenoloxidase in the allorejection reaction in a colonial ascidian, Botrylloides simodensis: histochemical and immunohistochemical study","volume":"141","author":"Shirae","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(03)00120-9","article-title":"Phenoloxidases in ascidian hemocytes: characterization of the pro-phenoloxidase activating system","volume":"135B","author":"Parrinello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0649-x","article-title":"The prophenoloxidase system is activated during the tunic inflammatory reaction of Ciona intestinalis","volume":"333","author":"Cammarata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00238.x","article-title":"A unique primary structure, cDNA cloning and function of a galactose-specific lectin from ascidian plasma","volume":"261","author":"Abe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4504","article-title":"An ancient lectin-dependent complement system in an ascidian: novel lectin isolated from the plasma of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"167","author":"Sekine","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01940675","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of halocyamine, an antimicrobial substance from ascidian hemocytes, on the growth of fish viruses and marine bacteria","volume":"46","author":"Azumi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(91)90042-W","article-title":"A novel lipopoysaccharide-binding hemagglutinin isolated from hemocytes of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi: it can agglutinate bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Azumi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib20","first-page":"567","article-title":"Zymosan induces production of superoxide anions by hemocytes of the solitary ascidian Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"133","author":"Azumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2307\/1540857","article-title":"\u201cContact reaction\u201d between xenogeneic or allogeneic coelomic cell of solitary ascidians","volume":"158","author":"Fuke","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.18.195","article-title":"Cell types involved in allogeneic contact reactions of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"18","author":"Fuke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2307\/1541305","article-title":"Pattern of cellular alloreactivity of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, in relation to genetic control","volume":"169","author":"Fuke","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.20.81","article-title":"Hemocytes release phenoloxidase upon contact reaction, an allogeneic interaction, in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"20","author":"Akita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.25.1130","article-title":"A chloride ion channel in Halocynthia roretzi hemocytes is associated with PO activity but not pigmentation during the contact reaction","volume":"25","author":"Miyakawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib26","first-page":"817","article-title":"Mixed-incubation of allogeneic hemocytes in tunicate Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"11","author":"Sawada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2009.01103.x","article-title":"Tunic morphology and viral surveillance in diseased Korean ascidians: soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi (Drasche), in aquaculture","volume":"33","author":"Kitamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2108\/zs180072","article-title":"Measurement of tunic hardness in an edible ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, with remarks on soft tunic syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Hirose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.13.365","article-title":"Characterization of novel metallo-protease released from ascidian hemocytes by treatment with calcium ionophore","volume":"13","author":"Azumi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02827-2","article-title":"Halocidin: a new antimicrobial peptide from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, Halocynthia aurantium","volume":"521","author":"Jang","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.17.625","article-title":"Opsonin-independent and -dependent phagocytosis in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi: galactose-specific lectin and complement C3 function as target-dependent opsonins","volume":"17","author":"Azumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2307\/1542270","article-title":"Hemocyte aggregation in the solitary ascidian Halocynthia roretzi: plasma factors, magnesium ion, and Met-Lys-Bradykinin induce the aggregation","volume":"186","author":"Takahashi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(95)02110-8","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a 58000-Da proteinase inhibitor from the hemolymph of a solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"114B","author":"Shisikura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19959","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011723200","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of novel ficolins from the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"276","author":"Kenjo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.01.011","article-title":"Innate immune response in the hemolymph of an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, showing soft tunic syndrome, using label-free quantitative proteomics","volume":"35","author":"Cha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-003-0606-5","article-title":"Genomic analysis of immunity in a urochordate and the emergence of the vertebrate immune system: \u201cwaiting for Godot","volume":"55","author":"Azumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(82)80008-6","article-title":"Allogeneic cellular reactions between intra-specific types of a solitary ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"6","author":"Fuke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01326.x","article-title":"Common cell-surface antigens functioning in self-recognition reactions by both somatic cells and gametes in the solitary ascidian Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"45","author":"Arai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-019-0149-8","article-title":"A self-marker-like protein governs hemocyte allorecognition in Halocynthia roretzi","volume":"5","author":"Ema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zool. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02897","article-title":"Encystment and excystment of kinetoplastid Azumiobodo hoyamushi, causal agent of soft tunic syndrome in ascidian aquaculture","volume":"115","author":"Nawata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."}],"container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464822003552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464822003552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:10:40Z","timestamp":1778584240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464822003552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1050464822003552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innate immunity in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi developing soft tunic syndrome: Hemolymph can eliminate the causative flagellates and discriminate allogeneic hemocytes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}