{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T19:22:10Z","timestamp":1768850530776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T20:53:09Z","timestamp":1691614389000},"page":"108992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Triploid animals, a potential model for ETosis research: Influence of polyploidy on the formation and efficacy of extracellular traps in the eastern oyster"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Brianik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Bouallagui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2987","article-title":"Neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Branzk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1159\/000489829","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in the second decade","volume":"10","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8046","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158046","article-title":"A review of the neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) from cow, sheep and goat models","volume":"22","author":"Worku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.12.013","article-title":"Chicken heterophil extracellular traps (HETs): novel defense mechanism of chicken heterophils","volume":"129","author":"Chuammitri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5627","article-title":"Invertebrate extracellular phagocyte traps show that chromatin is an ancient defence weapon","volume":"5","author":"Robb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2013.06.010","article-title":"Root border cells and secretions as critical elements in plant host defense","volume":"16","author":"Driouich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00269","article-title":"Of amoebae and men: extracellular DNA traps as an ancient cell-intrinsic defense mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5663","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.07.013","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA neutrophil extracellular traps are formed after trauma and subsequent surgery","volume":"29","author":"McIlroy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103585","article-title":"Extracellular traps (ETosis) can be activated through NADPH-dependent and-independent mechanisms in bivalve mollusks","volume":"106","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2751-4","article-title":"Age is the work of art? Impact of neutrophil and organism age on neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"371","author":"Ortmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib12","series-title":"Invertebrate Blood Cells","article-title":"Bivalves. 233-300","author":"Cheng","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib13","first-page":"111","article-title":"A classification of Molluscan hemocytes based on functional evidences. Invertebrate blood","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp. Pathobiol."},{"issue":"5668","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090506","article-title":"Hemocyte-mediate shell mineralization in the eastern oyster","volume":"304","author":"Mount","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.10.003","article-title":"Role of the dissolved zinc ion and reactive oxygen species in cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles","volume":"199","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.03.037","article-title":"Bivalve immunity and response to infections: are we looking at the right place?","volume":"53","author":"Allam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159031","article-title":"Conservative mechanisms of extracellular trap formation by annelida eisenia andrei: serine protease activity requirement","volume":"11","author":"Homa","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.01.012","article-title":"DNA extracellular traps are part of the immune repertoire of Periplaneta americana","volume":"84","author":"Nascimento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103953","article-title":"Hemocyte extracellular traps of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: production characteristics and antibacterial effects","volume":"116","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006052","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"191","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24821","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.576546","article-title":"Antimicrobial histones and DNA traps in invertebrate immunity: evidences in Crassostrea gigas","volume":"289","author":"Poirier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.10.011","article-title":"The DNA fibers of shrimp hemocyte extracellular traps are essential for the clearance of Escherichia coli","volume":"48","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.09.018","article-title":"A meta-analysis of growth rate in diploid and triploid oysters","volume":"499","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01674","article-title":"Comparison of the biochemical composition and nutritional quality between diploid and triploid Hong Kong oysters, Crassostrea hongkongensis","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/138.4.1199","article-title":"Sex determination and polyploid gigantism in the dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis Say)","volume":"138","author":"Guo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.12.006","article-title":"Effects of Alexandrium minutum exposure upon physiological and hematological variables of diploid and triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas","volume":"97","author":"Haberkorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739913","article-title":"The need for more information on the resistance to biological and environmental stressors in triploid oysters","volume":"577","author":"Brianik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.12.030","article-title":"Seasonal variations of immune parameters in diploid and triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)","volume":"264","author":"Duchemin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(95)01243-5","article-title":"All-triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) produced by mating tetraploids and diploids","volume":"142","author":"Guo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.2001.0389","article-title":"Flow cytometric characterization and separation of hemocytes from three bivalve species","volume":"13","author":"Allam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00290","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps of Cynoglossus semilaevis: production characteristics and antibacterial effect","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib33","first-page":"3166","article-title":"Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps requires actin cytoskeleton rearrangements","volume":"139","author":"Sprenkeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030494","article-title":"NETosis in wound healing: when enough is enough","volume":"10","author":"Sabbatini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13125","article-title":"Interindividual variation of NET osis in healthy donors: introduction and application of a refined method for extracellular trap quantification","volume":"25","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0863","article-title":"NETosis delays diabetic wound healing in mice and humans","volume":"65","author":"Fadini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7718","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147718","article-title":"Metabolic pathways involved in formation of spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) differ in obesity and systemic inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Cichon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.004","article-title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"30","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0676-x","article-title":"NETosis is induced by high glucose and associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Menegazzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib40","series-title":"The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica","first-page":"299","author":"Cheng","year":"1996"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib41","article-title":"Host defenses","volume":"18","author":"Sparks","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dis. Process. Mar. Bivalve Molluscs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.02.011","article-title":"Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) hemocytes: morphology and function","volume":"96","author":"Aladaileh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(69)90108-6","article-title":"An electron-microscope study of the constituents of encapsulating cysts in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, formed in response to Tylocephalum metacestodes","volume":"14","author":"Rifkin","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.10.025","article-title":"Characterization of hemocytes from different body fluids of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica","volume":"71","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease","volume":"18","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.05.007","article-title":"The activity of several components of the innate immune system in diploid and triploid turbot","volume":"145","author":"Budi\u00f1o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.04.006","article-title":"The seasonal changes of innate immunity of tench, Tinca tinca (L.) with different ploidy level","volume":"432","author":"Tolarov\u00e1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000622","article-title":"A comparison of disease susceptibility and innate immune response between diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) siblings following experimental infection with Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of amoebic gill disease","volume":"144","author":"Chalmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126644","article-title":"Avoiding the trap: mechanisms developed by pathogens to escape neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"243","author":"R\u00edos-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992_bib50","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464823004783?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464823004783?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T05:51:18Z","timestamp":1760939478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464823004783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1050464823004783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triploid animals, a potential model for ETosis research: Influence of polyploidy on the formation and efficacy of extracellular traps in the eastern oyster","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108992","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108992"}}