{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:18:56Z","timestamp":1792034336415,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T23:54:25Z","timestamp":1724370865000},"page":"109847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of the antiviral activity of oleanolic acid against nervous necrosis virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Qin-Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1687-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao-Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020106","article-title":"Betanodavirus and ver disease: a 30-year research review","volume":"9","author":"Bandin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2002.00350.x","article-title":"Betanodavirus infections of teleost fish: a review","volume":"25","author":"Munday","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109718","article-title":"Two cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) members in orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides, EcCRFB3 and EcCRFB4, negatively regulate interferon immune responses to assist nervous necrosis virus replication","volume":"151","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90329-N","article-title":"Properties of a new virus belonging to nodaviridae found in larval striped jack (pseudocaranx-dentex) with nervous necrosis","volume":"187","author":"Mori","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.4.1633-1636.1997","article-title":"Genomic classification of fish nodaviruses by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene","volume":"63","author":"Nishizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.03.033","article-title":"Understanding the interaction between Betanodavirus and its host for the development of prophylactic measures for viral encephalopathy and retinopathy","volume":"53","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735663","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a new strain of nervous necrosis virus isolated from pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus x Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) in China","volume":"529","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.08.005","article-title":"Immune gene expressions in grouper larvae (Epinephelus coioides) induced by bath and oral vaccinations with inactivated betanodavirus","volume":"40","author":"Kai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.10.003","article-title":"Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli","volume":"157","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.08.035","article-title":"An oral nervous necrosis virus vaccine using Vibrio anguillarum as an expression host provides early protection","volume":"321","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.06.013","article-title":"Modulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on a DNA vaccine against nervous necrosis virus in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/jaa.1000018","article-title":"Antiviral activity of dasyscyphin C extracted from Eclipta prostrata against fish nodavirus","volume":"2","author":"Krishnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antivir. Antiretrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-011-1841-2","article-title":"Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre","volume":"10","author":"Gopiesh Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ocean Univ. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.740207","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro antiviral effect and mechanisms of rhein against nervous necrosis virus","volume":"579","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.02.003","article-title":"Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid: novel hepatitis C virus antivirals that inhibit NS5B activity","volume":"98","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.115147","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of amino acids-oleanolic acid conjugates as influenza virus inhibitors","volume":"27","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.115293","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of amino acids-oleanolic acid conjugates as influenza virus inhibitors (vol 27, 115147, 2019)","volume":"28","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.12.022","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and evaluation of anti-hepatitis C virus activity of the extracts","volume":"198","author":"Rodriguez Garcia-Risco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.689607","article-title":"Viral UL8 is involved in the antiviral activity of oleanolic acid against HSV-1 infection","volume":"12","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.6023\/cjoc202010029","article-title":"Design, synthesis and anti-influenza A virus evaluation of oleanolic acid C3-glycoconjugates","volume":"41","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18639","article-title":"Greener approach for the isolation of oleanolic acid from Nepeta leucophylla Benth. Its derivatization and their molecular docking as antibacterial and antiviral agents","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19006","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b06365","article-title":"Application of virus targeting nanocarrier drug delivery system in virus-induced central nervous system disease treatment","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.08.013","article-title":"Humoral and cytokine responses in giant groupers after vaccination and challenge with betanodavirus","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734377","article-title":"Anti-betanodavirus activity of isoprinosine and improved efficacy using carbon nanotubes based drug delivery system","volume":"512","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737719","article-title":"The skin-color is associated with its physiological state: a case study on a colorful variety, hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus \u00d7 Epinephelus lanceolatus)","volume":"549","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-020-00559-4","article-title":"Emergence of viral nervous necrosis is associated with mass mortality in hatchery-reared tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt","volume":"28","author":"Taha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib27","first-page":"13864","article-title":"Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer by Akt\/mTOR\/S6K and ERK1\/2 signaling","volume":"8","author":"Mu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2017.63.3.3","article-title":"Oleanolic acid (OA) regulates inflammation and cellular dedifferentiation of chondrocytes via MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"63","author":"Phull","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib29","first-page":"543","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids and their derivatives","volume":"5","author":"Wolska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050248","article-title":"A fish encephalitis virus that differs from other nodaviruses by its capsid protein processing","volume":"142","author":"Delsert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102184","article-title":"Cromileptes altivelis microRNA transcriptome analysis upon nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection and the effect of cal-miR-155 on cells apoptosis and virus replication","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1769","article-title":"Recovery of infectivity from cDNA clones of Nodamura virus and identification of small nonstructural proteins","volume":"305","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6498","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.12.6498-6508.2004","article-title":"Membrane association of greasy grouper nervous necrosis virus protein A and characterization of its mitochondrial localization targeting signal","volume":"78","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1021\/jf100574j","article-title":"Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid induce apoptosis in HuH7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway and downregulation of XIAP","volume":"58","author":"Shyu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt058","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma via ERK\u2013p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1078\/094471103322331421","article-title":"Effect of naturally occurring triterpenoids glycyrrhizic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and nomilin on the immune system","volume":"10","author":"Raphael","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.4194\/1303-2712-v18_9_11","article-title":"Innate immune responses in fish: antigen presenting cells and professional phagocytes","volume":"18","author":"Kordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735434","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of ganciclovir by using single-walled carbon nanotubes as a drug carrier against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Mandarin fish","volume":"526","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12054","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.415810","article-title":"Identification of binding sites for myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and toll-like receptor 4 in MyD88 adapter-like (mal)","volume":"288","author":"Bovijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-10-193","article-title":"Expression and significance of the TLR4\/MyD88 signaling pathway in ovarian epithelial cancers","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.04.054","article-title":"Immuno-related gene transcription and antibody response in nodavirus (RGNNV and SJNNV)-infected European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)","volume":"78","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.04.016","article-title":"Nodavirus increases the expression of Mx and inflammatory cytokines in fish brain","volume":"45","author":"Poisa-Beiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib43","series-title":"Cellular and Molecular Studies of the Immune System of Sea Bass (dicentrarchus Labrax L)","author":"Scapigliati","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-021-09785-x","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes","volume":"21","author":"Renda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24214002","article-title":"Oleanolic acid acetate exerts anti-inflammatory activity via ikk\u03b1\/\u03b2 suppression in TLR3-mediated NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464824004923?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464824004923?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T04:35:08Z","timestamp":1726115708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464824004923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1050464824004923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the antiviral activity of oleanolic acid against nervous necrosis virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109847","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109847"}}