{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:46:25Z","timestamp":1793065585128,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017366","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZXDXB38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZXDXB38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017366","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JD24A013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JD24A013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005906","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025XT0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XT0103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSY202307Q"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSY202307Q"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024XT0504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XT0504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:44:24Z","timestamp":1763538264000},"page":"111003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of protective effect of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) oral DNA vaccine wrapped with 4 different delivery vectors against IHN virus (IHNV) infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Yizhi","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongyan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03245-22","article-title":"Long-term protection elicited by an inactivated vaccine supplemented with a water-based adjuvant against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.08.028","article-title":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) nucleoprotein amino acid residues affect viral virulence and immunogenicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.05016-22","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine bufalin inhibits infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199133","article-title":"Pathogenicity of two lineages of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in South Korea","volume":"332","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7151","article-title":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: advances in diagnosis and vaccine development","volume":"7","author":"Yong","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1346512","article-title":"Self-assembling ferritin nanoplatform for the development of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus vaccine","volume":"15","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib7","series-title":"Preparation and Immune Protective Efficacy Analysis of an Inactivated Vaccine Against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06143-w","article-title":"Bivalent DNA vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00231-X","article-title":"Oral vaccine delivery","volume":"65","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.03.024","article-title":"Oral vaccination of fish: lessons from humans and veterinary species","volume":"64","author":"Embregts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/biology4040664","article-title":"Nanodelivery systems as new tools for immunostimulant or vaccine administration: targeting the fish immune System","volume":"4","author":"Jie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.04.066","article-title":"Progress, challenges and opportunities in fish vaccine development","volume":"90","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.05.045","article-title":"An oral DNA vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) encapsulated in alginate microspheres induces dose-dependent immune responses and significant protection in rainbow trout (Oncorrhynchus mykiss)","volume":"45","author":"Ballesteros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3724\/issn1000-3207-2007-1-125-m","article-title":"Immunity and immunohistochemistry by oral vaccination of Carassius auraurs giblio using aeromonas hydrophila vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Hydrobiol. Sin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.06.022","article-title":"Oral immunization of Carassius auratus with modified recombinant A-layer proteins entrapped in alginate beads","volume":"23","author":"Maurice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109567","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of MONTANIDETM GR01, a new adjuvant for feed-based vaccines, on the immune response and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in oral vaccinated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under laboratory and on-farm conditions","volume":"149","author":"Pholchamat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738649","article-title":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus promoted infectious pancreatic necrosis virus multiplication during co-infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"561","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2007.08.010","article-title":"Study of the viral interference between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"24","author":"Byrne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib19","series-title":"Development of an Oral Inactivated Vaccine for Vibrio anguillarum Based on Chitosan and Aluminum Adjuvant","author":"Jin","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00415-21","article-title":"Oral probiotic vaccine expressing Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) ORF81 protein delivered by chitosan-alginate capsules is a promising strategy for mass oral vaccination of Carps against KHV infection","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib21","series-title":"Formation and Oral Immunization of Biomaterial Microparticles Containing a Plasmid Vaccine Against Lymphocystis Disease Virus in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","author":"Tian","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib22","series-title":"Construction and Safety Assessment of a DNA Vaccine Against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN)","author":"Li","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081732","article-title":"Early or simultaneous infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus inhibits infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus replication and induces a stronger antiviral response during Co-infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"14","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib24","series-title":"Developments in Biological Standardization 49","article-title":"Potency testing of fish vaccines. International Symposium in Fish biologics: serodiagnostics and Vaccines","author":"Amend","year":"1981"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.063","article-title":"An oral vaccine based on chitosan\/aluminum adjuvant induces both local and systemic immune responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.101","article-title":"Chitosan-based mucosal adjuvants: sunrise on the ocean","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12509","article-title":"An overview of cytokine used as adjuvants in fish: current state and future trends","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquacult."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.02.029","article-title":"Adjuvants and immunostimulants in fish vaccines: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Tafalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.05.004","article-title":"Oral DNA vaccines based on CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles confer high protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in trout","volume":"74","author":"Ahmadivand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2011.01338.x","article-title":"Oral DNA vaccination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus using PLGA [Poly(D,L-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)] nanoparticles","volume":"35","author":"Adomako","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301796","article-title":"Salmonids have an extraordinary complex type I IFN System: characterization of the IFN locus in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reveals two novel IFN subgroups","volume":"193","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.10.008","article-title":"Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions","volume":"1","author":"Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.05.002","article-title":"The ISG15 conjugation System broadly targets newly synthesized proteins: implications for the antiviral function of ISG15","volume":"38","author":"Durfee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib34","article-title":"An oral microencapsulated vaccine loaded by sodium alginate effectively enhances protection against GCRV infection in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.03.028","article-title":"Vaccination of carp against SVCV with an oral DNA vaccine or an insect cells-based subunit vaccine","volume":"85","author":"Embregts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."}],"container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464825008927?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464825008927?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:05:40Z","timestamp":1773810340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464825008927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1050464825008927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of protective effect of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) oral DNA vaccine wrapped with 4 different delivery vectors against IHN virus (IHNV) infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.111003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111003"}}