{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T18:07:32Z","timestamp":1788631652075,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015068","name":"University of Santiago de Compostela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Government of Galicia Department of Education Science Universities and Professional Training","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:29:40Z","timestamp":1782919780000},"page":"111561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Structural integrity of surface antigens determines complement-dependent protective immunity against Philasterides dicentrarchi in turbot"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Gul\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.A.","family":"Sueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.M.","family":"Leiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3354\/dao046047","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) as the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Galicia (NW Spain)","volume":"46","author":"Iglesias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00523-9","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida): experimental infection and possible routes of entry in farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"217","author":"Param\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib3","first-page":"337","article-title":"Interactions between the parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi and the immune system of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus: a transcriptomic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03678","article-title":"Scuticociliatosis caused by Philasterides dicentrarchi","volume":"150","author":"Steverding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0932-4739(11)80097-0","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi n. sp. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida), a histophagous opportunistic parasite of Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), a reared marine fish","volume":"31","author":"Dragesco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Protistol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002688","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) expresses surface immobilization antigens that probably induce protective immune responses in turbot","volume":"126","author":"Iglesias","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2003.11.003","article-title":"Effects of the histiophagous ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi on turbot phagocyte responses","volume":"17","author":"Leiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.12.007","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi, a histophagous ciliate causing scuticociliatosis in olive flounder: histopathology investigations","volume":"130","author":"Harikrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib9","series-title":"Fish Parasites: a Handbook of Protocols for Their Isolation, Culture and Transmission","first-page":"33","article-title":"Philasterides dicentrarchi","author":"Lamas","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01052.x","article-title":"Complement-mediated killing of Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora) by turbot serum: relative importance of alternative and classical pathways","volume":"30","author":"Leiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048129","article-title":"Approaches towards DNA vaccination against a skin ciliate parasite in fish","volume":"7","author":"von Gersdorff J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12675","article-title":"Immune response to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and role of IgT","volume":"42","author":"Buchmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9279-x","article-title":"Immunological control of fish diseases","volume":"12","author":"Magnad\u00f3ttir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2549","article-title":"Fishing for mammalian paradigms in the teleost immune system","volume":"14","author":"Sunyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.110023","article-title":"The predominant role of IgM in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) mucosal defense against ectoparasitic protozoan infection","volume":"155","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02102","article-title":"Antibody responses of turbot Psetta maxima against various antigen formulations of scuticociliates (Ciliophora)","volume":"86","author":"Palenzuela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.02.026","article-title":"Turbot resistance to Philasterides dicentrarchi is more dependent on humoral than on cellular immune responses","volume":"30","author":"Piazzon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.11.015","article-title":"Reprint of \u201cFish immunity to scuticociliate parasites\u201d","volume":"43","author":"Piazzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02545","article-title":"Evaluation of a major surface antigen of Babesia microti merozoites as a vaccine candidate against Babesia infection","volume":"8","author":"Man","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2025.06.011","article-title":"Computational vaccine development against protozoa","volume":"2","author":"Hashim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib21","article-title":"A serum cytotoxicity assay for measuring the resistance of turbot to the ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi","volume":"9","author":"Gul\u00edas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00302","article-title":"The structural basis of antibody-antigen recognition","volume":"4","author":"Sela-Culang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12966","article-title":"Proof of principle for epitope-focused vaccine design","volume":"507","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1306441","article-title":"Influence of protein fold stability on immunogenicity and its implications for vaccine design","volume":"16","author":"Scheiblhofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956","article-title":"Role of multivalency and antigenic threshold in generating protective antibody responses","volume":"10","author":"Slifka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1538871","article-title":"Advancements in the conservation of the conformational epitope of membrane protein immunogens","volume":"16","author":"Mahboob","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib27","series-title":"Aquaculture Pathophysiology","first-page":"591","article-title":"Tetrahymenosis and scuticociliatosis","author":"Chong","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739248","article-title":"Killing effect of fish serum and mucus on Gyrodactylus cichlidarum (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) mediated by complement","volume":"567","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2231","article-title":"Complement driven by conformational changes","volume":"8","author":"Gros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12324","article-title":"Antibody-mediated complement activation in pathology and protection","volume":"98","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-120419-022408","article-title":"Germinal centers","volume":"40","author":"Victora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib32","series-title":"Structural Bioinformatics","first-page":"849","article-title":"B cell epitope prediction","author":"Ponomarenko","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121673","article-title":"Dissecting antibodies with regards to linear and conformational epitopes","volume":"10","author":"Forsstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.702125","article-title":"Revisiting the mechanisms of immune evasion employed by human parasites","volume":"11","author":"Chulanetra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.108074","article-title":"Immunological insights and vaccine advances against apicomplexan parasites: emerging concepts and innovations","volume":"209","author":"Alshammari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/157895","article-title":"Neutralization of virus infectivity by antibodies: old problems in new perspectives","volume":"2014","author":"Klasse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071046","article-title":"Moonlighting proteins at the candidal cell surface","volume":"8","author":"Satala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.662711","article-title":"The road less traveled? Unconventional protein secretion at parasite-host interfaces","volume":"9","author":"Balmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.02.029","article-title":"Adjuvants and immunostimulants in fish vaccines: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Tafalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121347","article-title":"Advances in vaccine adjuvants for teleost fish: implications for aquatic welfare and the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations","volume":"12","author":"Tammas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.07.008","article-title":"Evidence for the role of extrusomes in evading attack by the host immune system in a scuticociliate parasite","volume":"92","author":"Folgueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114182","article-title":"In vivo models of mucin biosynthesis and function","volume":"184","author":"Syed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."}],"container-title":["Fish &amp; Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464826004651?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464826004651?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T02:16:16Z","timestamp":1786068976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464826004651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1050464826004651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Structural integrity of surface antigens determines complement-dependent protective immunity against Philasterides dicentrarchi in turbot","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111561","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111561"}}