{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:42:12Z","timestamp":1786120932852,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008843","name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JX6311105125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JX6311105125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018552","name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Taizhou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24gyb07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24gyb07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:28:06Z","timestamp":1784676486000},"page":"111604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Thioredoxin 1 inhibits GCRV replication by maintaining redox homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8397-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denghui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenming","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02253-4","article-title":"Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00338-8","article-title":"ROS homeostasis in cell fate, pathophysiology, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108962","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapeutic mechanisms","volume":"278","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in metabolic and inflammatory signaling","volume":"122","author":"Forrester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04478-w","article-title":"Fate and effects of heavy metals in fishes: antioxidant defense system, miRNA\/Gene expression response, and histopathological reproductive manifestations","volume":"203","author":"Bhat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-03997-2","article-title":"Antioxidants: a comprehensive review","volume":"99","author":"Gulcin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.036","article-title":"The thioredoxin antioxidant system","volume":"66","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1831","article-title":"Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401625","article-title":"The thioredoxin system in retroviral infection and apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Masutani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700204","article-title":"Expression of thioredoxins and glutaredoxins in human hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation to cell proliferation, tumor size and metabolic syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Mollbrink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00724-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system","volume":"31","author":"Nordberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.14.2746","article-title":"A novel promoter sequence is involved in the oxidative stress-induced expression of the adult T-Cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF)\/Human thioredoxin (Trx) gene","volume":"24","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.5.2936","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a novel Mammalian thioredoxin","volume":"272","author":"Spyrou","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31567","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101760200","article-title":"Characterization of sptrx, a novel member of the thioredoxin family specifically expressed in human spermatozoa","volume":"276","author":"Miranda\u2010Vizuete","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-021-00978-x","article-title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Trx and Trp14 in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus)","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.02.002","article-title":"Molecular characterization, expression, and functional analysis of two thioredoxins in the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.2937","article-title":"Thioredoxin acts as a B cell growth factor in channel catfish","volume":"166","author":"Khayat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.02.013","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, and biological activity of the recombinant protein","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.09.013","article-title":"Insights into the fish thioredoxin system: expression profile of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection and in vitro stimulation","volume":"42","author":"Pacitti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.03.045","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of thioredoxin genes from large yellow croaker","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-015-0158-2","article-title":"Insights into Trx1, TRP14, and Prx1 homologs of Paralichthys olivaceus: molecular profiles and transcriptional responses to immune stimulations","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-012-0322-x","article-title":"Cynoglossus semilaevis thioredoxin: a reductase and an antioxidant with immunostimulatory property","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249948","article-title":"The thioredoxin system: balancing redox responses in immune cells and tumors","volume":"53","author":"Muri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2016.02.005","article-title":"A thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 from black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: responses to immune challenges and protection from apoptosis against oxidative stress","volume":"185","author":"Thulasitha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2025.102601","article-title":"A method for improving the quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): a comprehensive evaluation of clear water depuration based on sensory and nutritional aspects","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737449","article-title":"The national surveillance study of grass carp reovirus in China reveals the spatial-temporal characteristics and potential risks","volume":"547","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17387","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.003840","article-title":"ROS-induced HSP70 promotes cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1b and stimulates antiviral autophagy in grass carp kidney cells","volume":"293","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.03.021","article-title":"Grass carp reovirus induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) kidney cell line","volume":"185","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.110020","article-title":"Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) infection activates the PERK-eIF2\u03b1 pathway to promote the viral replication","volume":"155","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109419","article-title":"Grass carp peroxiredoxin 5 and 6-mediated autophagy inhibit grass carp reovirus replication and mitigate oxidative stress","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2026.2678043","article-title":"Grass carp catalase inhibits GCRV replication through ROS scavenging-mediated immune suppression and autophagy","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101952","article-title":"Grass Carp prx 3 elevates host antioxidant activity and induces autophagy to inhibit grass Carp reovirus (GCRV) replication","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.06.022","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin 2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","volume":"92","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103567","article-title":"Characterization and expression of galectin-3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","volume":"104","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3280","article-title":"The draft genome of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) provides insights into its evolution and vegetarian adaptation","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2022-0596","article-title":"Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function","volume":"17","author":"Xinastle-Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104008","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus promotes viral replication via ROS\/HIF-1\u03b1-mediated glycolysis","volume":"89","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407695","article-title":"Shrimp virus regulates ROS dynamics via the Nrf2 pathway to facilitate viral replication","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604_bib41","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Fish & Shellfish Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464826005085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050464826005085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T02:23:02Z","timestamp":1786069382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050464826005085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1050464826005085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-4648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thioredoxin 1 inhibits GCRV replication by maintaining redox homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111604"}}